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( Paul Romkens ),( Horng Yuh Guo ),( Sonia Rodrigues ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회 워크샵자료 Vol.2012 No.2
Levels of various metallic contaminants in soil have increased due to emission from industry, agriculture and traffic. Especially near urban and/or industrialized areas in both developed and developing countries levels of metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) or mercury (Hg) have increased to such an extent that the transfer from soil to crop can lead to levels in crops that can pose risks for both human and animal health. To protect both humans and animals from excess exposure to such elements soil quality criteria are needed that consider both the chemical availability in the soil as well as the potential transfer to crops and (drinking) water. Till now most soil standards do not consider either the geochemical differences between soils as reflected by differences in soil type nor the uptake by important food and feed crops. Here we propose a set of soil extracts that are able to describe the potential and actual availability of metals in soil. The results from these extracts can be used to link the levels of metals in the soil to that in the water and food crops. Based on such data models are calibrated and used to derive meaningful protection standards. Examples presented include improved local standards for lead in urban gardens across the EU and improved soil quality guidelines for rice (paddy). The major advantage of the set of extracts proposed here is that they are easy to perform and results from various studies in both the EU and Asia seem to indicate a generic validity of the model concept for metals including Cd, Pb, and Hg. This can facilitate the harmonization of the derivation of soil standards in various parts of the world.