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Olmos-Serrano, J.,Kang, H.,Tyler, William A.,Silbereis, John C.,Cheng, F.,Zhu, Y.,Pletikos, M.,Jankovic-Rapan, L.,Cramer, Nathan P.,Galdzicki, Z.,Goodliffe, J.,Peters, A.,Sethares, C.,Delalle, I.,Gold Cell Press 2016 Neuron Vol.89 No.6
Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome (DS), is the most common genetic cause of developmental delay and intellectual disability. To gain insight into the underlying molecular and cellular pathogenesis, we conducted a multi-region transcriptome analysis of DS and euploid control brains spanning from mid-fetal development to adulthood. We found genome-wide alterations in the expression of a large number of genes, many of which exhibited temporal and spatial specificity and were associated with distinct biological processes. In particular, we uncovered co-dysregulation of genes associated with oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination that were validated via cross-species comparison to Ts65Dn trisomy mice. Furthermore, we show that hypomyelination present in Ts65Dn mice is in part due to cell-autonomous effects of trisomy on oligodendrocyte differentiation and results in slower neocortical action potential transmission. Together, these results identify defects in white matter development and function in DS, and they provide a transcriptional framework for further investigating DS neuropathogenesis.
Discrete Element Simulation of the Sintering of Composite Powders
Martina C. L.,Olmos L.,Schneiderb L. C. R.,Bouvardc D. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
The free sintering of metallic powders blended with non sintering inclusions is investigated by the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Each particle, whatever its nature (metallic or inclusion) is modeled as a sphere that interacts with its neighbors. We investigate the retarding effect of the inclusions on the sintering kinetics. Also, we present a simple coarsening model for the metallic particles, which allows large particles to grow at the expense of the smallest.