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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems
Ferrari, Andrea C.,Bonaccorso, Francesco,Fal'ko, Vladimir,Novoselov, Konstantin S.,Roche, Stephan,Bøggild, Peter,Borini, Stefano,Koppens, Frank H. L.,Palermo, Vincenzo,Pugno, Nicola,Garrido, Jos&eacut The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Nanoscale Vol.7 No.11
<P>We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.</P>
Dirkje S. Postma,Richard Dekhuijzen,Thys van der Molen,Richard J. Martin,Wim van Aalderen,Nicolas Roche,Theresa W. Guilbert,Elliot Israel,Daniela van Eickels,Javaria Mona Khalid,Ron M.C. Herings,Jetty 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.2
Purpose: Extrafine-particle inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have greater small airway deposition than standard fine-particle ICS. We sought to compare asthma-related outcomes after patients initiated extrafine-particle ciclesonide or fine-particle ICS (fluticasone propionate or non-extrafine beclomethasone). Methods: This historical, matched cohort study included patients aged 12-60 years prescribed their first ICS as ciclesonide or fineparticle ICS. The 2 cohorts were matched 1:1 for key demographic and clinical characteristics over the baseline year. Co-primary endpoints were 1-year severe exacerbation rates, risk-domain asthma control, and overall asthma control; secondary endpoints included therapy change. Results: Each cohort included 1,244 patients (median age 45 years; 65% women). Patients in the ciclesonide cohort were comparable to those in the fineparticle ICS cohort apart from higher baseline prevalence of hospitalization, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and rhinitis. Median (interquartile range) prescribed doses of ciclesonide and fine-particle ICS were 160 (160-160) μg/day and 500 (250-500) μg/day, respectively (P<0.001). During the outcome year, patients prescribed ciclesonide experienced lower severe exacerbation rates (adjusted rate ratio [95% CI], 0.69 [0.53-0.89]), and higher odds of risk-domain asthma control (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 1.62 [1.27-2.06]) and of overall asthma control (2.08 [1.68-2.57]) than those prescribed fine-particle ICS. The odds of therapy change were 0.70 (0.59-0.83) with ciclesonide. Conclusions: In this matched cohort analysis, we observed that initiation of ICS with ciclesonide was associated with better 1-year asthma outcomes and fewer changes to therapy, despite data suggesting more difficult-to-control asthma. The median prescribed dose of ciclesonide was one-third that of fine-particle ICS.