비양론성 TiO₂-x에서 전기전도도와 결함 형태

김명호,강상수,백운규 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 産技硏論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The defect model of nonstoichiometric rutile ( TiO₂-x ) has been studied by means of the electrical conductivity measurement as function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure(Po₂). The Po₂dependence of σindicates that the major defects in rutile are doubly charged oxygen vacancies and tetravalent charged interstitial titanium ions. The interstitial titanium Ti ??'''' prevails at temperatures above 1170˚C. But the doubly charged oxygen vacancy Vo " predominates at low Po₂and temperature under 1170˚C. The proposed defect model in rutile is consistent with our previous result which was investigated by the O?? tracer diffusion.

영어 억양의 정보기능

김명호 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 2000 人文論叢 Vol.13 No.-

International function is not fully distinctive in the classical sense, but it is potentially of such far-reaching import that students of language can hardly afford to ignore it. In instances when a given type of meaning is not conveyed by other linguistic means, intonation is left carrying the load. Its function in shaping speaker meaning is undeniable. If we were to list the functions which intonation is claimed to fulfill with respect to information structure, the list would include the following: (1) tone-units realize units of information ; (2) the nucleus signals the presence of information focus: (3) high vs. low pitch marks new vs. given; extra pitch height, steep slope and accompanying low level deaccented syllables mark contrastive information : (4) the position of the nucleus realizes unmarked vs. marked focus.

율격시와 자유시의 리듬 비교분석

김명호 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.1

This paper analyzed the rhythms of English metrical and free verse, introducing some basic terms necessary to understand the significant rhythmic features in poetry. Rhythm is liable to a wide variety of interpretations. Rhythm is not a specific property of verse. It is a general phenomenon present in any periodically recurring phenomena. Rhythm is the production and perception of patterned energy. Meter is a way of organizing rhythm that gives it special regularity and strength. Beat is the most fundamental feature of any rhythm that is organized as a meter. It may be an actual beat or a virtual beat. Offbeat is a weak pulse between, before, or after the beats of a meter. A stressed syllable is demoted when it occurs in an offbeat. Conversely, an unstressed syllable is promoted when it functions as a beat. The main components of stress verse are stressed beats, unstressed beats, virtual offbeats, demotion, promotion, etc. Much syllable-stress four-beat verse is based on the number of beats and syllables, in relation to the line and the syntax. The history of English metrical practice is often thought of as a series of waves in a rising tide. Free verse, which became common in the twenties century, is, in one sense, the simplest kind of verse. It relies more heavily than metrical verse on visual layout. The rhythm and movement of free verse can be analyzed in three ways: metrically, rhythmically, and phrasally. These all interrelate. Metrical analysis can reveal the way in which some free verse poems maintain a relation to metrical verse, approaching and deviating from regular metrical patterns. Rhythmic analysis examines the disposition of stressed and unstressed syllables when they do not produce a regular meter. The phrasal movement of a poem is the experience the reader has of moving toward points of arrival or away from points of departure. Phrasing plays a significant role in both metrical and free verse. In free verse, where there is no continuous metrical scheme, the movement of the poem is largely dependent on its phrasing.

영어 음절구조와 무게 분석

김명호 현대영미어문학회 2001 현대영미어문학 Vol.19 No.2

The syllable is an essential unit of phonological organization and hence a necessary part of the phonological description of English. This paper attempts to correlate syllable structure, sonority, syllabification and syllable weight within a linear and nonlinear framework, and makes it clear that a syllable-based description would be preferable to a segment-based description, on grounds both of simplicity and of adequacy. Experimentally it is rather difficult to determine a very detailed and precise ranking of the relative sonority of sounds, but with the help of this sonority scale, the theory that syllables are associated with peaks of sonority is able to predict the overall number of syllables for a given word as well as the analysis of these syllables into onsets, peaks and codas. Thus the acceptance of sonority values as playing a crucial role in the internal structure of syllables ensures that we can correctly determine their wellformedness. We point out that there is a much more restricted distribution of syllable types in English than the syllable template permits. Since the consonantal or vocalic status of a segment is generally assumed, this information can be used to formulate rules to syllabify the sequential string. These syllable-building rules are very similar from one language to another and so can be viewed as the contribution of universal grammar. It is the class membership (heavy or light) of a syllable, rather than its segmental content, that determines the syllable's influence on stress. Stressed syllables must be heavy while unstressed syllables may be light. Any stressed syllable, whether it is a monosyllable or part of a polysyllabic word, must have a complex rhyme. Heavy syllable characteristically attract stress, whereas light syllables receive stress only in the absence of an eligible heavy syllable. Ambisyllabicity has the effect of making stressed syllables heavy that would otherwise be light.

Rutile 단결정에서 산소의 확산과 점결합

김명호 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産技硏論文集 Vol.5 No.-

By means of the secondary ion mass spectrometer, the tracer diffusion of oxygen in rutile single crystal was measured as function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The tracer diffusivity was determined from the depth profile of ??O. The Po₂ dependences of D?? suggest that the dominant defects in TiO??? are oxygen vacancy(Vo??) and interstitial titanium ion(Ti?i???). The doubly ionized oxygen vacancy are prominent at low temperature and Po₂. However, the tetravalent interstitial titanium ions predominate at temperatures above 1200℃.

개질 아스팔트 결합재의 특성 연구

김광우,안경애,이명호,최영규 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구에서는 SBS, SBR, LDPE 및 LLDPE 등의 폴리머 재료를 사용하여 국내에 가장 많이 사용되는 아스팔트를 개질 하여 그 특성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 4종류의 폴리머류 아스팔트 개질재는 160℃로 가열하며 AP-3 아스팔트에 혼합시 큰 어려움 없이 혼합되었다. 비교적 높은 온도인 35℃에서 개질 아스팔트는 일반 아스팔트 보다 침입도가 낮아 온도 민감성이 비교적 적은 것으로 나타났다. 개질 아스팔트를 HP-GPC로 분석한 결과 SBS, SBR의 분자는 매우 커서 아스팔트와 분리되어 나타났으며 LDPE와 LLDPE는 filter에 걸러져 나타나지 않았다. 또한 160℃에서 24시간 인공노화 후 HP-GPC 분석결과 LDPE가 노화에 대한 저항이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고 SBS와 SBR 등은 상대적으로 노화가 많이 이루어짐을 알 수 있다. 인장강도는 LDPE 개질 아스팔트 혼합물이 가장 높아 일반아스팔트 혼합물에 비하여 40% 이상 강하게 나타났으며 탄성계수는 3.6배 이상 높게 나타났다. 따라서 이제까지의 연구결과 LDPE가 가장 개질 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 실용화를 위해서는 향후 보다 깊은 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다. In this study, SBS, SBR, LDPE and LLDPE were used to make polymer modified asphalts (PMA) by mixing with the conventional asphalt cement (AP-3) which is most widely used in Korea. These polymeric materials were mixed well in the asphalt by stirring at 160℃ for 30 min. Since the PMAs had low penetration values, temperature susceptibility of the PMA was relatively lower than conventional asphalt. HP-GPC result showed that SBR and SBS appeared at void volume due to the molecules were out of column's effective ranges. While, LDPE and LLDPE did not appeared in GPC profile because it was assumed that the particles were collected by syringe filler before injection. Artificial aging results at 160℃ for 24 hours showed that the LDPE modified asphalt was the least aged one compared with others. LDPE PMA mixture also showed the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus. It was 40% higher in tensile strength and 3.6 times higher in elastic modulus compared with conventional asphalt mixture. Therefore, LDPE was found to be the most effective polymer materials for modifying asphalt cement in this study. However, further studies are needed in content, performance and field evaluation, etc. for practical application.

강세시의 율격구성소 분석

김명호 현대영미어문학회 1999 현대영미어문학 Vol.17 No.1

Much popular verse is in stress meter which is invariably based on a four-beat rhythm. The main components of stress verse are as follows: (a) Except as noted in (c) below, all stressed syllables are experienced as beats. Syllables with secondary stress may also be experienced as beats. (b) Except as noted in (d) below, all unstressed syllables are experienced as offbeats, either single offbeats or double offbeats. Syllables with secondary stress may also be experienced as offbeats. Occasionally, an offbeat may be experienced between two successive beats. (c) A stressed syllable can function as a single offbeat or part of a double offbeat between stressed beats. Demotion occurs most easily when the stress in question is subordinated to the stress before or after it in the line. (d) An unstressed syllable can be promoted, i.e. experienced as a beat, when it occurs between two unstressed syllable, at the beginning of the line before an unstressed syllable, or at the end of the line after an unstressed syllable. Stress verse may be scanned by double-line scanion or single-line scanion. The single line scansion gives all the necessary information above the line of verse. The double-line scansion shows the relevant linguistic features of the verse on a line above it, and the metrical structure on a line below it. These convey the same information, and each can be converted to the other. In both kinds of scansion a clear distinctinction is made between stresses and beats.

MOCVD법에 의해 제조된 Fe₂O₃-TiO₂계 박막의 내식성과 광전류 응답 특성에 관한 연구

金顯洙,尹在弘,金明鎬,杉本克久,邊鷹善 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産技硏論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Fe₂O₃-TiO₂ films were formed by MOCVD technique, and their corrosion resistance and photoelectrochemical property were examined in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions. The corrosion resistance was examined by an anodic polarization test, and the photocurrent response by a photoelectrochemical polarization test. The photocurrent and quantum yield maximum of the films depend on the titanium cationic fraction(Xη) in the films. They decreased in the range of Xη=0.0-0.70, then increased in the range of Xη=0.70-0.95, and finally decreased in the range of Xη=0.91-1.0 with increasing Xηvalue. The increase in the photocurrent and quuantum yield maximum in the range of Xη=0.70-0.95 was attributed to the amorphous structure. Such a change in the photocurrent and quantum yield maximum was independent to the solution pH. The corrosion resistance of the films increased with increasing Xηvalue of the film in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions. Therefore, the films with Xη=0370-0.95 can be concluded to have high photocurrent response and high corrosion resistance.

척수손상 환자의 합병증

김봉옥,박상균,남명호,윤승호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.2

To evaluate the rehabilitative care needs of the patients with spinal cord injury in this regional area, the complications which were seen in the department of rehabilitation medicine in Chungnam National University Hospital during the 1st year since the opening of the isolated rehabilitation medicine ward in September 1989 were analyzed. The study population was consisted of 25 men and 2 women. Nine cases (33.3%) were in the 20-29 age group and 11 cases (40.8%) were injured by traffic accident, the most common cause of traumatic spinal cord injury in this study. Sixteen cases(59.2%) were paraplegics and eleven cases(40.8%) were quardriplegics. The duration from the onset of injury to admission to the department of rehabilitation medicine ranged from 21 days to 14 years with mean of 18 months. The complications seen in this study were as follows. 1. Urinary tract infections, most common complication, were found in 14 cases (51.6%) followed by decubitus ulcers (44.4%), edema of leg (22.2%), spasticity (18.5%). 2. The most common organism of urinary tract infection was E.coli(43.0%). 3. Among the 22 cases which underwent IVP and VCUG, 2 cases showed hydronephrosis in IVP and 4 cases showed vesicoureteral reflux in VCUG. 4 The most common site of pressure sores was sacrum(53.3%). 5. The mean duration of pressure sore healing with non-surgical treatment was 18 days in Grade II and 42 days in Grade III. With the above results, it is concluded that most frequent complications of patients with spinal cord injury were urinary tract infection and pressure sores, with most of them being occurred before the admission to department of rehabilitation medicine and being treated completely during the stay in the department of rehabilitatiom medicine, and that the comprehensive rehabilitation treatment for the prevention of complications is necessary from the onset of injury.

영어발화에서 기능어의 음운과정

김명호 慶南大學校 人文科學硏究所 2002 人文論叢 Vol.15 No.-

Some of the variation that exists in language is due differences in the situations and purposes of its use and to the fact that commonly used words are likely to be pronounced differently depending on their positions within utterances. The most commonly used words in English are the so-called function words. They show variations that may be regarded as the result of phonological processes, changes which operate on the full forms of these words to produced reduced forms. The processes include vowel reduction, vowel loss, consonant loss, and assimilation. Some nonlexical items are more likely to receive prominence than others. Where a modal occurs in a string, it is very likely to receive prominence before any of the other nonlexical items in the same string; where a pronoun occurs and where it is not items, and so on. In He must have been at home, it seems clear that the modal, must and the last auxiliary, been will receive a rhythmic beat. Modals, in fact, wherever they occur, seem very likely to receive prominence.