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Synoptic Analysis of Dust Storms in the Middle East
Mehdi Hamidi,Mohammad Reza Kavianpour,Yaping Shao 한국기상학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.49 No.3
Dust storm in the Middle East and south-west Asia is a natural hazard and the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain has been recognized as the main dust source in this area. In this study, more than 60 dust storms that occurred during the period 2003-2011 are investigated on the basis of MODIS satellite images, and 12 of the dust storms are selected for synoptic analysis using the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis Data. The potential dust sources in the Middle East and south-west Asian region (20oE to 80oE, 5oN to 50oN) are analyzed and used in the synoptic analysis. Dust storms in the region can be grouped into two main categories, i.e., the Shamal dust storms and the frontal dust storms. Synoptic systems, associated with the two categories, are distinguished and the frequency of the patterns is identified. For 68% of the Shamal dust storms, a high pressure system is situated between 0oE to 30oE and 27oN to 45oN, and a low pressure system between 50oE to 70oE and 23oN to 43oN. For 86% of the frontal dust storms, a high is located between 51oE to 67oE and 18oN to 33oN and a low between 28oE to 48oE and 32oN to 43oN. Three main patterns for Shamal dust storms are identified, which represent about 60% of the Shamal dust storms. This analysis confirms that the Shamal is related to the anticyclones located over northern Africa to Eastern Europe and the monsoon trough over Iraq, southern Iran, Pakistan and the Indian Subcontinent. The analysis also shows that the main dust sink for the frontal dust storms in Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain extends from center of Iraq to west and center of Iran and, in most severe cases, to northern Iran and the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.