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      • Cancers of the Young Population in Brunei Darussalam

        Mohammad, Ibnu Ayyub,Bujang, Mas Rina Wati,Telisinghe, Pemasari Upali,Abdullah, Muhd Syafiq,Chong, Chee Fui,Chong, Vui Heng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

        Background: Globally, the overall incidence of cancer is increasing as a result of ageing populations and changing lifestyles. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, especially in the developed nations. Cancers affecting the young population are generally considered uncommon. This study assessed the demography and trends of cancers of the young in Brunei Darussalam, a small and developing Southeast Asia nation. Materials and Methods: All patients diagnosed with cancers between 2000 and 2012 were identified from the cancer registry maintained by the State Histopathology Laboratory. Cancers of the young was defined as any cancers diagnosed under the age of 40 years. Demographic data and the type of cancers were collected and analysed using SPSS Statistics 17.0. Results: Among the 6,460 patients diagnosed with cancer over the study period, 18.7% (n=1,205) were categorized as young with an overall decline in the proportion from 26.6% in 2000 to 18.8% in 2012 (p<0.001 for trend). Among all cancers of the young, the most common systems affected were gynecological (24.1%), hematological/lymphatic (15.8%), subcutaneous/dermatological/ musculoskeletal (10.5%), breast (10.5%) and gastrointestinal (9.9%). Overall, among the different systems, neurological (54.9%) had the highest proportion of cancers of the young followed by gynecological/reproductive (30.6%), hematological/lymphatic (39.9%), endocrine (38.7%), subcutaneous/dermatological/ musculoskeletal (22.3%) and the head and neck region (20.1%). There was a female predominance (66.9%) and the incidence was significantly higher among the Malays (20.1%) and expatriates (25.1%) groups compared to the Chinese (10.7%) and indigenous (16.8%) groups (p<0.001 for trend). Conclusions: Cancers of the young (<40 years) accounted for almost a fifth of all cancers in Brunei Darussalam with certain organ systems more strongly affected. There was a female preponderance in all racial groups. Over the years, there has been a decline in the overall proportion of cancers of the young. Selective screening programs should nevertheless be considered.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Hardware Implementation of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Solar Photovoltaic System

        Ilyas, Afshan,Ayyub, Mohammad,Khan, M. Rizwan,Husain, Mohammed Aslam,Jain, Abhinandan The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2018 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.19 No.3

        Solar photovoltaic systems have evolved as a prominent renewable source of energy owing to its eco-friendly nature, long lifetime, and low maintenance requirement. However, its conversion efficiency is very low. Different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have been used to extract maximum power from the photovoltaic system. In this study, the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm, which is practically implemented on an Arduino Uno board and simulated in Matlab/Simulink under the same environmental conditions, is used to track the maximum power. Different parameters of a Simulink-based PV module and a practical photovoltaic module are obtained and compared. The main advantages of the P&O MPPT algorithm are its low cost and easy implementation. However, it may fail to track the maximum operating point under varying environmental conditions.

      • KCI등재

        Hardware Implementation of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Solar Photovoltaic System

        Afshan Ilyas,Mohammad Ayyub,M. Rizwan Khan,Mohammed Aslam Husain,Abhinandan Jain 한국전기전자재료학회 2018 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.19 No.3

        Solar photovoltaic systems have evolved as a prominent renewable source of energy owing to its eco-friendly nature, longlifetime, and low maintenance requirement. However, its conversion effi ciency is very low. Diff erent maximum power pointtracking (MPPT) techniques have been used to extract maximum power from the photovoltaic system. In this study, theperturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm, which is practically implemented on an Arduino Uno board and simulated inMatlab/Simulink under the same environmental conditions, is used to track the maximum power. Diff erent parameters ofa Simulink-based PV module and a practical photovoltaic module are obtained and compared. The main advantages of theP&O MPPT algorithm are its low cost and easy implementation. However, it may fail to track the maximum operating pointunder varying environmental conditions.

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        A Randomized Active Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of a Topical Unani Formulation Marham Kharish Jadeed in the Management of Qūbā (Tinea Corporis)

        Aaliya, Aaliya,Nawab, Mohammad,Kazmi, M.H.,Ayyub, Sana Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2020 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.10 No.3

        Introduction: Qūbā (Tinea Corporis) is a very common disease widely prevalent worldwide. 20 - 25 % individuals suffer for this stubborn disease. Unani System of Medicine offers its treatment. There are many pharmacopoeial formulations indicated for various types of dermatophytic infections. In this study clinical efficacy and safety of the topical Unani formulation Marham Kharish Jadeed (a compound drug in the dosage form of an ointment) was assessed and compared with a standard conventional medicine. Materials and methods: A clinical study was conducted on 60 participants of qūbā randomized into test and control groups (n=30 in each group). The participants were clinically diagnosed and confirmed by microscopy of skin scrapings. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was assessed in terms of TSS score and elimination of fungal elements from the skin lesions. The data collected were analyzed statistically. Results and discussion: The study showed that the Unani formulation had comparatively better efficacy clinically than conventional medicine Terbinafine hydrochloride 1% cream in terms of reduction of itching, erythema, scaling, peripheral raised margins of the lesion comparing to baseline. In this study, 27 participants in test group and 18 participants in control group were completely cured (≥75% reduction in TSS Score with Mycological Cure) after 4 weeks of treatment. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was found significant statistically. The individual drugs of the formulations having analgesic (Musakkin), blood purifier (Muṣaffi-i-Dam), demulcent (Mulaṭṭif), antifungal (Qātil-i-fafūndῑ), detergent (Jālῑ), refrigerant (Mubarrid) and antiseptic (Dāfi'-i-'Ufūnat) properties might be responsible for the efficacy of Unani formulation. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the Unani formulation was found effective and safe in the management of qūbā. No local and systemic adverse effect was reported during the study.

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