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Assessment of Nutrient Value and Microbiological Safety of Pomacea lineata
Hilzeth de Luna Freire Pessoˆa,Maria Lu´cia da Conceic¸a˜o,Andrea Maria Rolim da Paz,Bagno´ lia Arau´jo da Silva,Maria Jose´ de Carvalho Costa 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.7
Pomacea lineata is a fresh water shellfish that is utilized as food, medicinal portions, or licking remedies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological aspects of P. lineata and spawning. The samples were collected in the Jaguaribe River (Paraı´ba, Brazil) during the rainy and dry seasons. The biochemical composition, mineral composition, total mesophilic bacteria (TMB), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio presence were determined. Each 100 g of P. lineata presented 3.1 g of ashes; 9.4 g of proteins; 2.7 g of lipids; 0.6 g of carbohydrates; 1800.0 mg of calcium; 78.0 mg of phosphorus, and 58.4 mg of iron. Each 100 g of spawning presented 10.4 g of ashes; 4.5 g of proteins; 2.8 g of lipids; 1.3 g of carbohydrates; 3633.0 mg of calcium; 39.4 mg of phosphorus; and 4.6 mg of iron. Each 100 g of P. lineata provided 65.7 kcal and spawning 48.3 kcal. In the dry season P. lineata and spawning showed no TMB and TC, FC, S. aureus, Salmonella, or Vibrio. In the rainy season P. lineata and spawning presented increase in TMB and TC, FC, S. aureus, and Salmonella. The presence of Vibrio was not detected. P. lineata presented proteins, low lipid, and carbohydrate content, energy values close to those of lean meats, high contents of calcium and iron, and presented low contamination level with pathogenic bacteria. Since P. lineata substances may be useful in the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases without presenting toxic or cytotoxic effects already described in the literature, it may be considered as a potential functional food.
Personal Exposure to PM2.5 in the Massive Transport System of Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia
Maria Paula Castillo-Camacho,Isabel Cristina Tunarrosa-Grisales,Lina María Chacón-Rivera,Marco Andrés Guevara Luna,Luis Carlos Belalcázar Cerón 한국대기환경학회 2020 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.14 No.3
Recent studies have shown that public transport users can be exposed to high levels of pollution emitted from their own vehicles and nearby sources. The purpose of this research is to determine the personal exposure of passengers to PM2.5 inside the vehicles of the massive public transport of two of the main and more populated cities of Colombia, Bogotá and Medellín. TM (TransMilenio powered by diesel) and SITVA (electric and gas natural vehicles) were the systems studied. Were evaluated the integration of new vehicles with technologies Euro V and Euro VI in the TM system, the impact of the weekend effect on personal exposure into public transport(TM and SITVA), and the possible differences between personal exposure regarding the ways of the systems(mixed lane or exclusive lane for TM and SITVA). To measure PM2.5 levels, a DustTrak monitor previously calibrated was used. This measurement campaigns lasted for more than 80 hours and a mean of 17000 data of PM2.5 concentrations were obtained for each route. The personal dose was calculated based on the recorded data. The mean PM2.5 concentrations and personal dose found in the research for TM are 167 µg/m³ and 2.3 µg/min, respectively, while, for SITVA they are 41 µg/m³ and 0.53 µg/min, respectively. Therefore, SITVA users have a 5 times lower personal exposure to PM2.5 than TM users. It was also found that due to the poor proportion of new TM vehicles during the monitoring period, the personal exposure in the old vehicles and in the new ones is similar. In the case of SITVA, it was evidenced that the mixed lane contributes to a high personal exposure to PM2.5 than the exclusive one.
The MAK16 Gene of Entamoeba histolytica and Its Identification in Isolates from Patients
Maria del Pilar Crisostomo-Vaz,Victor Alberto Marevelez-Acost,Andres Flores-Luna,Enedina Jimenez-Cardoso 대한기생충학열대의학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.52 No.4
To identify sequences of Entamoeba histolytica associated with the development of amebic liver abscess (ALA) in hamsters, subtractive hybridization of cDNA from E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS under 2 growth conditions was performed: 1) cultured in axenic medium and 2) isolated from experimental ALA in hamsters. For this procedure, 6 sequences were obtained. Of these sequences, the mak16 gene was selected for amplification in 29 cultures of E. histolytica isolated from the feces of 10 patients with intestinal symptoms and 19 asymptomatic patients. Only 5 of the 10 isolates obtained from symptomatic patients developed ALA and amplified the mak16 gene, whereas the 19 isolates from asymptomatic patients did not amplify the mak16 gene nor did they develop ALA. Based on the results of Fisher’s exact test (P<0.001), an association was inferred between the presence of the mak16 gene of E. histolytica and the ability to develop ALA in hamsters and with the patient’s symptoms (P=0.02). The amplification of the mak16 gene suggests that it is an important gene in E. histolytica because it was present in the isolates from hamsters that developed liver damage.
Pereira, Karuza Maria Alves,Feitosa, Sthefane Gomes,Lima, Ana Thayssa Tomaz,Luna, Ealber Carvalho Macedo,Cavalcante, Roberta Barroso,Lima, Kenio Costa de,Chaves, Filipe Nobre,Costa, Fabio Wildson Gurg Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and some of these have been documented in association or preceded by oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Aggressive cancers with fast growth have demonstrated overexpression of some glucose transporters (GLUTs). Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of the glucose transporter, GLUT-1, in OEDs and OSCCs, seeking to better elucidate the biological behavior of neoplasias. Fifteen cases were selected this research of both lesions. Five areas were analyzed from each case by counting the percentage of positive cells at 400x magnification. Immunoreactivity of GLUT-1 was observed in 100% of the samples ranging from 54.2% to 86.2% for the OSCC and 73.9% to 97.4% for the OED. Statistical test revealed that there was greater overexpression of GLUT-1 in OED than the OSCC (p=0.01). It is believed the high expression of GLUT-1 may reflect the involvement of GLUT-1 in early stages of oral carcinogenesis.
Farzaneh Bekhradi,Mojtaba Delshad,Alicia Marín,Maria C Luna,Yolanda Garrido,Abdolkarim Kashi,Mesbah Babalar,Maria I Gil 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.6
This study examined the effects of salt stress on the physiological responses and postharvest quality characteristics of fresh sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Plants were treated with 40 and 80 mM NaCl for 25 days during cultivation in 2014. Two green genotypes, Green Iranian and Genovese basil, were studied after harvest, and while two Iranian genotypes, Green and Purple Iranian basil, were compared during storage. Yield and the stem length were significantly reduced under salt stress only in the two Iranian cultivars. Salinity significantly reduced leaf thickness and the area of parenchyma cells in both Green Iranian and Genovese basil. As salt concentration increased, transpiration and the content of chlorophylls decreased significantly while the lipid peroxidation increased in the Genovese genotype. During storage at 12°C, the respiration rate of salt-stressed leaves was similar to that of control leaves. The visual quality of Purple Iranian basil was better preserved during storage than the Green Iranian basil. However, salt stress positively affected the visual quality of Green Iranian basil, decreasing darkening and maintaining the quality above the limit of marketability after 7 days of storage. The total content of phenolic acids and anthocyanins did not show significant differences between growth conditions. However, during storage of Green Iranian basil, salt stress increased the content of individual and total phenolic acids compared to the control. To summarize, the positive or negative effects of salt stress on basil depend on the degree of tolerance of the different genotypes.
( Dennis K Bideshi ),( Greer Waldrop ),( Maria Teresa Fernandez Luna ),( Mercedes Diaz Mendoza ),( Margaret C Wirth ),( Jeffrey J Johnson ),( Hyun Woo Park ),( Brian A Federici ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.8
The Cyt1Aa protein of Bacillus thuringiensis susbp. israelensis elaborates demonstrable toxicity to mosquito larvae, but more importantly, it enhances the larvicidal activity of this species Cry proteins (Cry11Aa, Cry4Aa, and Cry4Ba) and delays the phenotypic expression of resistance to these that has evolved in Culex quinquefasciatus. It is also known that Cyt1Aa, which is highly lipophilic, synergizes Cry11Aa by functioning as a surrogate membrane-bound receptor for the latter protein. Little is known, however, about whether Cyt1Aa can interact similarly with other Cry proteins not primarily mosquitocidal; for example, Cry2Aa, which is active against lepidopteran larvae, but essentially inactive or has very low toxicity to mosquito larvae. Here we demonstrate by ligand binding and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa form intermolecular complexes in vitro, and in addition show that Cyt1Aa facilitates binding of Cry2Aa throughout the midgut of C. quinquefasciatus larvae. As Cry2Aa and Cry11Aa share structural similarity in domain II, the interaction between Cyt1Aa and Cry2Aa could be a result of a similar mechanism previously proposed for Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa. Finally, despite the observed interaction between Cry2Aa and Cyt1Aa, only a 2-fold enhancement in toxicity resulted against C. quinquefasciatus. Regardless, our results suggest that Cry2Aa could be a useful component of mosquitocidal endotoxin complements being developed for recombinant strains of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and B. sphaericus aimed at improving the efficacy of commercial products and avoiding resistance.