An OT Analysis of Multiple Wh-questions in English and Chinese

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2015 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.47

Universality is one of the important purposes in linguistic research, in order to find it out, we should use actual language phenomenon as medium or foundation. Therefore the research target in this paper is multiple wh-questions in English and Chinese, through the OT analysis, both English and Chinese multiple wh-questions can be explained by the constraints hierarchy: English: SO-OP-SPEC>>OB-HD>>HIE-ADJ>>FULL-INT>>STAY Chinese: STAY>>FULL-INT>>HIE-ADJ>>OB-HD=SO-OP-SPEC Meanwhile, the relations between two langauges also can be showed through constraints hierarchy. The biggest difference between them can be showed by the converse sequnce of constraints, which means English is a kind of structure-overt language and Chinese is meaning-overt language. But it doesn’t mean they are totally opposite with each other, from other constraint HIE-ADJ, it showed English and Chinese are sharing exactly the same word order. So through the multiple wh-questions analysis, the similarities and differences between English and Chinese has been showed clearly.

A Comparative Study of Reflexive Binding in English and Korean

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2014 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.46

The reflexive binding phenomenon is one of the most interesting language phenomena that many scholars have been doing research on. Previous studies on this topic show mainly two directions: one is a syntactic approach, and the other a non-syntactic one. None of these approaches, however, have suggested a successful explanation about the phenomenon. In this paper, I introduce the OT to analyze this phenomenon. Based on the observation of syntactic behaviors of English reflexive pro-self and Korean reflexive caki3), I have introduced some important constraints ranking against each other by which both English and Korean reflexive binding relation has been well explained.

A Comparative Study of Reflexive Binding in English and Chinese

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2013 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.45

The binding theory(Chomsky 1981) has been considered to be one of the most important theories which is used to deal with the legal domain especially of reflexive binding. The purpose of this paper is to find out if the binding theory can work for all English reflexive situations, and if it can also be used for other languages such as Chinese. I showed some English & Chinese data which can not be properly explained by the original binding theory, and I modified and added some other constraints to analyze and compare English and Chinese case of reflexive binding. After some data analysis, I showed some of English and Chinese reflexive sentences can be dealt with the binding theory, but some others can not. Based on these unexplicable data, I added the rule of Lager Domain Prefer (LDP) constraint which is introduced by Moon(1995) to analyze both English and Chinese reflexive sentences. The constraint hierarchy of BBC>>LDP is for English and constraint hierarchy of BBC<<>>LDP is for Chinese. However there still exist some defects, so after further data analysis, a new constrain of Domain Change based on Verbal Types(DCVT) has been introduced to analyze unexplainable Chinese sentences. Finally, depending on this new constraints hierarchy- BBC<<>>LDP>>DCVT, Chinese reflexive sentences have been explained successfully. In conclusion, by using OT evaluation the relations between English and Chinese reflexive sentence have been shown clearly.

A Comparative Study on English & Chinese Wh-Questions in the Optimality Theory

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.44

This paper is aimed to find some differences between English and Chinese under simple wh-question. In order to deal with it, I should find some good theories to let this comparison become as easy as possible. So first I take some classical theories to explain the simple wh-question between English and Chinese, but it seems very complex to express these two languages under these theories, also it"s hard to figure out the essential difference between these two languages. So I choose another theory- Optimality Theory(abbreviated to OT) to explain this phenomenon. The main principle of OT is all of the principles and rules (in OT we called constraints) can be violated by the candidates, and based on the characteristics of language, these constraints should be ranked upon their importance for the target language. So the higher ranked one has bigger power than the one located lower. Even these constraints can be violated, violation should be minimum. So among all of the candidates, the one who violates the less higher ranked constraints and the violation is smallest can be chosen as the best optimal candidates. Because of the flexible of OT, it can easy adapt to a lot of languages. In this paper, OT is used to analyze English and Chinese simple wh-question, after the data analysis, four constraints are generated to restrict ungrammatical sentences. The purpose of this paper is doing comparison, so we"d better use the same constraints with different ranking hierarchy. Finally, constraints hierarchy for both two languages have been done. English is OP-SPEC>>OB-HD>>FULL-INT>>STAY; and Chinese is STAY>>FULL-INT>>OB-HD>>OP-SPEC. From the ranking we can see the most important constraint of these two languages is just opposite with each other. So I conclude they are just belong to different language family, English need move but Chinese should stay; also the second important constraint also opposite, it shows in English it allows a part of auxiliarly words but in Chinese non of them is needed, Through all of the analysis that has done until now, it"s can express that English pays much attention on its sentence form, but Chinese focus much on its sentence meaning. Through this simple four constraints and their ranking, the problem just been explained clearly.

Digital Resampling for Frequency Tracking in Engineering Signal Analysis

De Yang Luo 대한기계학회 1997 Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference Vol.1 No.1

A Blind Holographic Image Watermarking Algorithm based on Dual Transform Domains and Visual Cryptography

De Li,Xiao Luo,DaYou Jiang 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.5

Two Kinds of Digital Video Watermarking Algorithm Implement and Compare

Xiao Luo,Haifeng Shi,De Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.7

Multi-objective path planning for mobile robot in nuclear accident environment based on improved ant colony optimization with modified A∗

Zhang De,Luo Run,Yin Ye-bo,Zou Shu-liang 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.5

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm to solve the multi-objective path planning (MOPP) problem for mobile robots in a static nuclear accident environment. The proposed algorithm mimics a real nuclear accident site by modeling the environment with a two-layer cost grid map based on geometric modeling and Monte Carlo calculations. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps. The first step optimizes a path by the hybridization of improved ant colony optimization algorithm-modified A* (IACO-A*) that minimizes path length, cumulative radiation dose and energy consumption. The second module is the high radiation dose rate avoidance strategy integrated with the IACO-A* algorithm, which will work when the mobile robots sense the lethal radiation dose rate, avoiding radioactive sources with high dose levels. Simulations have been performed under environments of different complexity to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and the results show that IACO-A* has better path quality than ACO and IACO. In addition, a study comparing the proposed IACO-A* algorithm and recent path planning (PP) methods in three scenarios has been performed. The simulation results show that the proposed IACO-A* algorithm is obviously superior in terms of stability and minimization the total cost of MOPP

Prognostic Values of Various Clinical Factors and Genetic Subtypes for Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of 227 Cases

Zhou, De,Xie, Wan-Zhuo,Hu, Ke-Yue,Huang, Wei-Jia,Wei, Guo-Qing,He, Jing-Song,Shi, Ji-Min,Luo, Yi,Li, Li,Zhu, Jing-Jing,Zhang, Jie,Lin, Mao-Fang,Ye, Xiu-Jin,Cai, Zhen,Huang, He Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Aim: To analyze the significance of different clinical factors for prognostic prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven DLBCL patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were managed with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen or rituximab plus the CHOP (RCHOP) regimen. Results: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ${\beta}2$-microglobulin (${\beta}2$-M), B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage and genetic subtypes were statistically relevant in predicting the prognosis of the overall survival (OS). In the CHOP group, the OS in patients with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB)(76.2%) was significantly higher than that of the non-GCB group (51.9%, P=0.032). With RCHOP management, there was no statistical difference in OS between the GCB (88.4%) and non-GCB groups (81.9%, P=0.288). Conclusion: Elevated LDH and ${\beta}2$-M levels, positive B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, and primary nodal lymphoma indicate an unfavorable prognosis of DLBCL patients. Patients with GCB-like DLBCL have a better prognosis than those with non-GCB when treated with the CHOP regimen. The RCHOP treatment with the addition of rituximab can improve the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

Analysis and characterization of the functional TGFβ receptors required for BMP6-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells

( Yan Zhang ),( De Ying Zhang ),( Yan Fang Zhao ),( Jin Wang ),( Juan Wen He ),( Jin Yong Luo ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.2

Although BMP6 is highly capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), the molecular mechanism involved remains to be fully elucidated. Using dominant negative (dn) mutant form of type I and type II TGFβ receptors, we demonstrated that three dn-type I receptors (dnALK2, dnALK3, dnALK6), and three dn-type II receptors (dnBMPRII, dnActRII, dnActRIIB), effectively diminished BMP6- induced osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. These findings suggested that ALK2, ALK3, ALK6, BMPRII, ActRII and ActRIIB are essential for BMP6-induced osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. However, MPCs in this study do not express ActRIIB. Moreover, RNA interference of ALK2, ALK3, ALK6, BMPRII and ActRII inhibited BMP6-induced osteogenic differentiation in MPCs. Our results strongly suggested that BMP6-induced osteogenic differentiation of MPCs is mediated by its functional TGFβ receptors including ALK2, ALK3, ALK6, BMPRII, and ActRII. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(2): 107-112].