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Bypassing Negative Epistasis on Yield in Tomato Imposed by a Domestication Gene
Soyk, Sebastian,Lemmon, Zachary H.,Oved, Matan,Fisher, Josef,Liberatore, Katie L.,Park, Soon Ju,Goren, Anna,Jiang, Ke,Ramos, Alexis,van der Knaap, Esther,Van Eck, Joyce,Zamir, Dani,Eshed, Yuval,Lippma Cell Press 2017 Cell Vol. No.
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Selection for inflorescence architecture with improved flower production and yield is common to many domesticated crops. However, tomato inflorescences resemble wild ancestors, and breeders avoided excessive branching because of low fertility. We found branched variants carry mutations in two related transcription factors that were selected independently. One founder mutation enlarged the leaf-like organs on fruits and was selected as fruit size increased during domestication. The other mutation eliminated the flower abscission zone, providing “jointless” fruit stems that reduced fruit dropping and facilitated mechanical harvesting. Stacking both beneficial traits caused undesirable branching and sterility due to epistasis, which breeders overcame with suppressors. However, this suppression restricted the opportunity for productivity gains from weak branching. Exploiting natural and engineered alleles for multiple family members, we achieved a continuum of inflorescence complexity that allowed breeding of higher-yielding hybrids. Characterizing and neutralizing similar cases of negative epistasis could improve productivity in many agricultural organisms.</P> <P><B>Video Abstract</B></P> <P>Display Omitted</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mutations in two MADS-box genes were selected in tomato domestication and breeding </LI> <LI> Interaction of the alleles caused extreme inflorescence branching and sterility </LI> <LI> Natural and gene-edited MADS-box alleles provide a range of inflorescence types </LI> <LI> Dosage from selected alleles allows improved inflorescence architecture and yield </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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