소양호 부영양학의 연변화 추이

김범철,조규송,허우명,김동섭 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The trend of trophic status change in Lake Soyang from 1981 to 1989 was studied by the measurement of chlorophyll a concentration, transparaency, total phosphorus concentration, and the rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit rate. And the phosphorus loading from the watershed was measured monthly at the main inflowing river, Soyan River. The increasing trend of chlorophyll was clear at the rate of 0.4 /￡㎍/l/yr. The advent and expansion of Anabaena bloom was the major cause of chlorophyll, increase and transparency reduction. The rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit also increased from 0.032 mg Ο_(2)/cm^(2)/day in 1986 to 0066 in 1988. The trophic state of Lake Soyang can be assessed as oligotrophy before 1983, mesotrophy from 1984 to 1988, and eutrophy since 1989. Phosphorus loading from floating net fishfarms was estimated to be larger than 45% of total. The phosphorus loading from only watershed is smaller than the dangerous critical loading, but, if the fishfarms loading added, it exceeds the critical loading.

한강수계 인공호의 부영양화에 관한 비교 연구

김범철,안태석,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Trophic states were surveyed in reservoirs of the Han River. Trophic states were assessed from chlorophyll a concentration, Secchi sisc transparency, total phosphorus andprimary productivity in recent several years. Trophic state indices(TSI)sere calculated from the summer-time average of water quality data. TSIs were in the rage of mesotrophy to eutrophy, from 40 to 55. The highest TSI of all the frservoirs of the Han River was observed at the inlet of the south Han River in Lake Paldang. TSI varied with year because of such event as turbid flood inflow, water bloom, and descending water level. The correlation ceofficients between the six TSIs were high, but the probabilities of paired T-test were very low, which means significant differences in the absolute dimensions of the TSIs. The correlation between TSI (SD) and TSI (TP) was highest and TSI(Chl) showed lower correlation with TSI(SD) and TSI(TP)

The Hypolimnetic Anexie zone and the Metalimnetic Oxygen Minimum Layer in a Deep Reservoir, Lake Soyang

김범철,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

소양호의 용존산소 수직분포를 1985년 7월부터 1989년 7월까지 1∼2개월 간격으로 조사하였다. 전반적으로 용존산소농도가 매년 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 특히 1988년에는 심층에 무산소층이 형성되어 순환기 직전에는 저층으로부터 15m 높이까지 확대되었다. 이는 1980년대초까지 빈영양호이었던 소양호가 부영양화되고 있음을 보여주는 것이며 무산소층에서는 저층으로부터 용출된 무기인산염과 암모니아의 농도가 매우 높아 앞으로 영양염용출 증가에 의해 소양호의 부영양화는 가속될 것으로 예상된다. 또한 최근 수년간 겨울기온이 높았던 것도 수직혼합을 감소시킴으로써 용존산소 감소에 기여했을 것으로 보인다. 매년여름 수심 10∼20m에서 중층 산소최저층이 나타나고 있는데 이것은 국내 대형 저수지에서의 전형적인 분포형태인 것으로 보인다. 산소최저층이 표층의 혼합층 바로 아래에 형성되고, 수심이 깊어지면서 다시 서서히 산소가 증가하는 것으로 볼때 형성원인은 표층의 수온이 높아 산소비율이 크고 표층의 혼합층까지만 산소가 공급되기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 또한 장마철에 중층으로 유입되는 유입수에 현탁물이 많이 포함되어 있으며 산소최저층은 새로이 형성되는 중간츠으이 상부와 수심이 일치하고 있고 항상 여름의 우기에 형성되는 것으로 보아 우기의 유입수와 관련이 있을 수도 있다. The seasonal and vertical dissolved oxygen distributions were surveyed from July 1985 to July 1989 in a warm monomictic dendritic-shape reservoir, Lake Soyang. DO content showed the general trend of decrease from year to year, implying the advance of eutro· phication. HypoUmnetic anoxic zone began to develop in 1988 reaching upto 15 m from the bottom, which is an epoch·making event in Lake Soyang, well-known as a clear oligotrophich lake until early 1980s. In anoxic zone phosphate and ammonia concentration were very high, and nitrate depleted, which is expected to accelerate eutrophication of Lake Soyang. Insufficient cooling of surface waters in warm winters of 1986 to 1988 seems to have enhanced the DO decrease by reducing the duration of turnover. Metalimnetic 00 minimum layer appearing every late summer at the depth 15∼20m is a remarkable feature of DO distribution which is thought to be the typical pattern in large Korean reservoirs. The mechanism of the formation of metalimnetic oxygen minimum is further to be studied. However, it seems to be caused by the higher rate of oxygen consumption in epilimnion due to high temperature and the oxygen supply limited to only surface mixed layer, since it is formed just below the mixed layer and dissolved oxygen increase gradually in deeper layer. The intermediate current of storm runoff laden with organic debris of terrestrial origin might be the alternative cause.

Cluster analysis 에 의한 昭陽湖의 水體 分布

조규송,안태석,김범철,이동훈 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Cluster analysis was applied for the distinction of the water body in Soyang lake, which is the largest lake in Korea. For this analysis, the sixteen environmental parameters, such as water temperature, nutirent salts, organic materials, ets were used as the input data. The total data matrix was 16parameters X 47 points (in 14 sites). After Standardization, the Euclidean distances between two points were calculate. By the results, main stream of Soyang lake can be classified with 5 groups in March, 10 groups in February. And two shallow tributaries, showed different grouping pattern from main stream. In March, and November, the vertical mixing was detected, and in August, the water body above 10m was showed complex grouping pattern, and showed two water bodies in middle layer, and one in bottom layer.

Factor analysis of the environmental impact on microbial populations in Soynag Lake

안태석,김철범,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The factor analysis was applied to scrutinize the effects of environental factors on bacterial popolation in Soyang lake. For this purpose total 294 cases of 18 physico-chemical and 2 bacterial parameters were observed. The major parts of the variance of the heterotrophic bacteria were interpreted as "inorganic nitrogen" and "depletion of dissolved oxygen", and theat of the psychrophilic bacteria was as "depletion of dissolved oxygen". But the "season in summer" and "organic substance" and "phytoplankton blooming" were minor factors for two bacterial population.

소양호에서의 Alkaline Phosphatase 활성도의 Kinetics

안태석,김범철,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The kinetics of alkaline phosphatase activity were studied at the surface of a warm monomictic large reservoir, Lake Soyang, every two months from February 1988 to June 1989. Three sampling stations were located at the dam site, near a large netcage-type fishfarm, and a tributary stream inlet region where the dinoflagellate blooming occurs in warm seasons. Vmax of alkaling phosphatase, showing the range of 0.02∼5.95μ/M/l/hr, was high during the spring bloom, April and June, and low during the turnover time, October, December, and February.Kt + Sn, showing the range of 0.06∼31.0μ/M/l,was high during the turnoner time, which seems to be caused by the nutrients supply from the hypolimnion. Kt+Sn was much higher during turnover time at the fishfarm station than other stations, which is obviously resulting from the large amount of fecal deposition at the bottom and the diffusion of organic phosphorus upto the surface. Tt seems that at high density phytoplankton itself can be the substrate for alkaline phosphatase, since the peak time of Kt+Sn coincided with the peak of chlorophyll a concentration in the shallow stream inlet station where dinoflagellates aggregate.

낙동강 수계의 인, 질소 및 Chl.a 농도 분포 : The distributions of phosphorus, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentration in the Nakdong River

허우명,김범철,황길순,최광순,박원규 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

The longitudinal variations of water quality along the mainstream of the Nak-ding River from May 1994 to October was surveyed by the measurement of chl-orophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and secchi disc transparancy. Chl. a, TP, TN, DIP, NO_(3) and NH_(3)-N concentration was maintained at high level during the investigation period. And they also showed the peak after the input of Kumho River. Chl. a concentration was increased from 14.2㎎/㎥ in May to 95.2 in October. TP ane TN concentration was maintained always above 100㎎/㎥ and 3~4㎎N/l, respectively. TN/TP ratio were less than 16 from June to September with a few exceptions. Therefore, nitrogen is the limit-ing nutrient in the Nakdong River. Trophic states were in the range of eutrophic to hypertrophic, from 60 to80.

漢江上流 人工湖에서의 微生物 分布와 活性度에 관하여

안태석,이동훈,김범철,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The values of total hacterial numbers, heterotrophic bacterial numbers, the proportions of specific enzyme releasing bacteria and microbial activities were measured in the five artificial reservoirs in North Han river. The values of total bacterial number ranged from 0.62x10E5cells/ml, which is the common values in mesotrophic lakes. With the effect of civil construction at the upper region of the North Han river, the proportions of alpha-glucosidase-releasing bacteria were higher in Lake Paro and Lake Chuncheon. Beta-glucosidase proportions were high in Lake Paldang and showed high correlation with the concentration of chlorophyll a. The alkaline phophlatase proportion were higher in Lake Paro, Lake Chuncheon and Lake Paldang. The turnover rate of acetate showed no relationship with any other trophic state index intems, such as chlorophyll concentration, phosphate concentration and primary productivity. But the phosphatase activity showed high correlation coefficience, and it should be estimated as a trophic state index in these artificial reservoirs.

폐암 클리닉을 위한 공유 전자의무기록

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