Chemotherapeutic Drugs Alter Functional Properties and Proteome of Mouse Testicular Germ Cells In Vitro

Karmakar, P. C.,Cho, Y. J.,Kim, Y. H.,Jung, S. E.,Jin, J. H.,Kim, B. J.,Kwon, W. S.,Kim, Y. H.,Pang, M. G.,Ryu, B. Y. ACADEMIC PRESS 2018 TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.164 No.2

<P>Many of the testicular cancer-survived patients, treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, show infertility, pre and postimplantation loss, and germ cell abnormality. Studies examining the negative effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on testicular germ cells are ongoing; however, information on the stemness properties and proteomic profiles of these cells are lacking. This study investigated the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs etoposide, cisplatin, bleomycin, and their combination (BEP) on the physiology and stem cell activity of mouse germ cells in vitro. Our results showed that treatment with the abovementioned drugs affected germ cell viability and decreased the number of proliferating germ cells significantly at specific concentrations (0.05 mu M etoposide, 1 mu M cisplatin, 10 mu M bleomycin, and 0.1 mu M BEP), which maintained a survival rate of >90%. We also observed a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic cells and alterations in the expression of undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia-related genes and marker proteins in germ cells exposed to abovementioned concentrations of the drugs. Next, we performed germ cell transplantation into recipient mice and observed a remarkable reduction in stemness properties of spermatogonial stem cells at these concentrations. Based on these results, we assessed the levels of differentially expressed proteins by performing proteomic analysis. We found that treatment with the abovementioned drugs induced cell damage, oxidative stress, metabolic disruption, and immune deficiency which may promote tumor regeneration, cytotoxicity, infertility, and transgenerational cellular function transmission. Thus, this study provides information about the chemotherapy-induced recurrent destruction and thereby can lead possible changes in medication.</P>

Scavenging activity of $Curcuma$ $caesia$ rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Karmakar, Indrajit,Dolai, Narayan,Saha, Pathik,Sarkar, Nilanjan,Bala, Asis,Haldar, Pallab Kanti 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Curcuma$ $caesia$ Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ (MECC) rhizome for some $in$ $vitro$ antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different $in$ $vitro$ methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation, total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ values for scavenging of free radicals were $94.03{\pm}0.67{\mu}g/ml$, $155.59{\pm}3.03{\mu}g/ml$, $68.10{\pm}1.24{\mu}g/ml$, $21.07{\pm}1.78{\mu}g/ml$, $260.56{\pm}12.65{\mu}g/ml$ and $33.33{\pm}0.52{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 ${\mu}g$ of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Neuropharmacological assessment of $Curcuma$ $caesia$ rhizome in experimental animal models

Karmakar, Indrajit,Saha, Pathik,Sarkar, Nilanjan,Bhattacharya, Sanjib,Haldar, Pallab K. 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Curcuma$ $caesia$ Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), called black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome (MECC) for some neuropharmacological activities in experimental animal models. MECC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests. Locomotor activity was measured by means of an actophotometer. Anticonvulsant property was assessed against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion in mice and muscle relaxant effect was evaluated by using rota-rod apparatus. The results of the present study revealed remarkable analgesic, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome, demonstrating depressant action on the central nervous system. The outcome of present study can validate certain traditional uses of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome in India.

Methodologies for Cryopreservation of Mammalian Germline Cells and Tissues

Karmakar, Polash Chandra,Jung, Sang-Eun,Ryu, Buom-Yong The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2017 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.41 No.2

Until today, success in germline cells and tissue cryopreservation is limited mainly due to the poor understanding of the complex physiological processes can lead to cell damage during cryopreservation. Germline cells, from both male and female, have unique ability to differentiate into one or more cell lines and thus it becomes a crucial point to store them in subzero temperature with the minimal damage of their functional properties and maximum recovery of unchanged and viable cells when thawed. In the past three decades, a vast research has been performed using various different animal models which in fact have led to development of new methodologies and optimization of older one. However, successful use of animal model has provided the opportunity in research with human germline cells and tissues preservation, but not in all the cases. Therefore, the use of new cryo-protective chemicals and modified protocols have been often found in different groups of researchers based on the types, physical structures, utility and animal species of the specimens to be cryopreserved. This review discusses about the basics of different types of cryopreservation methodologies and commonly used optimized protocols and cryoprotectants for germline cells and tissues preservation.

Scavenging activity of Curcuma caesia rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Indrajit Karmakar,Narayan Dolai,Pathik Saha,Nilanjan Sarkar,Asis Bala,Pallab Kanti Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of C. caesia (MECC) rhizome for some in vitro antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different in vitro methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide,peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation,total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The IC_(50) values for scavenging of free radicals were 94.03±0.67 μg/ml, 155.59±3.03 μg/ml,68.10±1.24 μg/ml, 21.07±1.78 μg/ml, 260.56±12.65 μg/ml and 33.33±0.52 μg/ml for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide,hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 μg of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of C. caesia rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Promising Rice Genotypes in Drought Prone Northwest Bangladesh

B Karmakar,S M Haefele,M A R Sarkar,A Islam,M A Saleque 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

EFFECT OF Mn DOPING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE ZnO

M. KARMAKAR,O. MONDAL,B. ROY,P. K. PAUL,M. PAL 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2013 NANO Vol.8 No.6

Mn-doped ZnO has emerged as the most studied system for prototype applications in spintronics devices because of its interesting magnetic properties. In this report, nanocrystalline ZnO doped with various concentration of Mn have been synthesized from different precursors using modified ceramic route. Samples are characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. XRD and HRTEM studies confirm the growth of single phase, well crystallized Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Particle size estimated from Rietveld analysis as well as TEM images show a decreasing tendency with the increase in Mn concentration. We observe both band bowing and red shift in optical bandgap by varying the concentration of Mn and precursors. This study demonstrates that Mn concentration is not the only factor but precursors have a definite role on the variation of optical bandgap.

Neuropharmacological assessment of Curcuma caesia rhizome in experimental animal models

Indrajit Karmakar,Pathik Saha,Nilanjan Sarkar,Sanjib Bhattacharya,Pallab K. Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), called black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of C. caesia rhizome (MECC)for some neuropharmacological activities in experimental animal models. MECC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight)was evaluated for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests. Locomotor activity was measured by means of an actophotometer. Anticonvulsant property was assessed against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion in mice and muscle relaxant effect was evaluated by using rota-rod apparatus. The results of the present study revealed remarkable analgesic, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of C. caesia rhizome,demonstrating depressant action on the central nervous system. The outcome of present study can validate certain traditional uses of C. caesia rhizome in India.

Estimation of Present-Day Strength of Concrete for a 40-year-old Building from Non-destructive Tests: A Case Study

Soubhagya Karmakar,Dauji Saha,Kshirsagar Sandeep Shankar,Satish Kumar Saini,Bhargava Kapilesh,Mahapatra Kamalendu 아시아콘크리트학회 2021 Journal of Asian Concrete Federation Vol.7 No.2

Assessment of the present health of existing concrete structures is necessary, particularly for enhancing the life of the infrastructure facilities reaching the end of their design life. The codes stipulate establishment of sitespecific correlation expressions to estimate the compressive strength of concrete from indirect non-destructive tests (NDT) such as rebound hammer or ultrasonic pulse velocity tests. However, in certain circumstances, requisite number of partially destructive (core) tests required for establishing the site-specific equations might not be feasible. In such scenario, selection of a suitable correlation expression from literature has to be performed in a rational way, as discussed in this article with a case study of a 40-year-old concrete building. From the study, it has been observed that for the limited number of direct tests, the Indian code stipulation resulted in higher characteristic strength of concrete as compared to the parametric estimation, which can be attributed to the assumption of Normal distribution and code stipulated (conservative) standard deviation value. In case of the indirect estimation cases, the parametric characteristic strength was pretty close to the corresponding non-parametric values indicating that the fitted distributions represented the strength values very well. Recommendations for the suitable correlation expression from literature applicable for estimation of equivalent strength from NDT for the structure, recommendation for characteristic compressive strength of concrete and the suggestions for accounting for the inaccuracies in estimated strength in subsequent structural re-analysis have been provided from the results of the study.

Environment-Congenial Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Neem Oil

Anindita Karmakar,Prasanta Kumar Biswas,Souti Mukherjee 대한환경공학회 2012 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.17 No.-

In developing countries like India, where edible oils are in short supply, the contribution of non-edible oils like neem as a source for biodiesel production will be of great importance in the coming days. Biodiesel was produced from non-edible neem oil having a free fatty acid content of 19% in a two-step process, as free fatty acid of more than 1% in the feedstock adversely affects the single step alkali catalyzed transesterification process by soap formation. The first step of acid catalysed esterification reduced the free fatty acid content of neem oil to below 1%. The optimum combinations of parameters for pretreatment were found to be 0.60 volume by volume (v/v) methanol-to-oil ratio, 1% v/v H2SO4 acid catalyst and 1 hr reaction time. The next base catalysed transesterification process converted the pretreated oil to neem biodiesel. The optimum combination of parameters for transesterification was found to be 0.24 v/v methanolto-oil ratio, 1.08% weight by volume (w/v) catalyst concentration and 34 min reaction time. This two-step process gave an average yield of 90%. The fuel properties of neem biodiesel were found to be comparable to those of diesel, and conform to the latest American Standards for Testing of Materials Standards.