20대여성의 유방자가검진에 대한 지식과 자기효능감의 관계연구

강지혜,유리나,박민아,박신영,양은주,이주은,전시은,정윤혜,최연아,홍재하,이자형,정덕유,배노연 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2009 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.43

The purpose of this study was to know relationship between important variables which influence lifestyle in college women`s health promotion, prove adjustable factors and provide basic data which develops nursing intervention health promotion program. The method of this study was descriptive correlational study. The convenience sample was 206 college woman who live alone in lodgings, dormitory, a reading room or off-campus housing. Research instruments were the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control(MHLC) developed by Wallston, Wallston & Devellis(1978), Interpersonal Support Evaluation List developed by Cohern, Hoberman(1983) and The Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Pender & Sechrist(1978) and the data was used after Factor Analysis. The result of this study was follows. 1. It can be found that the level of the college woman`s health promotion lifestyle was 2.46±.33 with higher fulfilling level: According to general characteristic, the level of health promotion lifestyle was 5% significant statistical differences by age and period of menstruation. 2. The level of health locus of control was 3.25±.31 with higher fulfilling level. 3. The interpersonal support level was 3.05±.44 with higher fulfilling level. 4. The level of interpersonal support turned out most convincing factor in health promotion lifestyle (9%). In addition to age factor, two factors was 10% power of explanation in whole health promotion.

兒童行動目錄(CBCL)에 의한 國民學生의 行動問題 調査

홍강의,송혜양,김중술,홍경자,박성수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.2

This is an epidemiological study of emotional/behavior problems in Korean elementary school children(total 2,399 : 1.236 boys, 1,163 girls) by empolying Children's Behavior Check List(CBCL) developed by Achenbach and Edelbrock(1983), to which 3 problem items were added for this study. A test-retest reliability of CBCL was was assessed by computing the Spearman-Browm correlation and the average correlation among items was. 72. The interparent agreeement was also assessed and the average correaltion between mother and father was. 62. The study subjects were drawm by stratified sampling from 5 schools in Korea ; 3 schools (A, B, C) from Seoul, one school(D) from a medium size city one school (E) from a rural town. School C is located in upper/middle-upper class residential area, School A and D in middle class, and School B and E in lower-middle/lower class. The present paper reports the prevalence of behavioral/emotional problems in relation to sex, grade, locality and socioeconomic variables. Some of the major findings were as follows ; 1) The mean total problem score excluding 3 additional items was 27.28 and did not differ significanthy according to sex and locality(Seoul vs non-Seoul), However, the mean total problem scores were significanthy different from school to school. The lowest score was observed in children of School C(22.15), higher scores for School B(30.89) and E(30.64) and in-between scores for the School A(27.58) and D(25.47). Father's education also had significant effect on the total problem scores : 31.46 for elementary of less 27.79 for middle and high school and 23.05 for college or more. As for to the grade, mean total score was lowest for the first graders(22.12), increasing up until 4th grade(29.83), then decreasing for 5th graders(26.81) and then relatively high score for the 6th graders(29.81). 2) Examination of each 122 problem items revealed that prevalence rate ranged from 2.1% to 61.7% : less than 5% for 13% items, 5-10% for 18 items, 10-20% for 31 items, 20-30% for 25 items, 30-40% for 15 items, 40-50% for 13 items, more than 50% for 7 items. Although sex did not make any difference in total problem scores, examination of the prevalence of each item revealed that 47 problem items were significanthy different between sexes : 26 items were more prevalent in boys and 21 items in girls. The items more prevalent for boys were externalizing problems such as hyperkinetic, aggressive and other behaviors and 21 items, more prevalent for girls were internalizing problems such as emotional and psychosomatic problems. School grade had significant effect in 47 items, only 3 of which showed lower prevalence in the younger children and the prevalence of 39 items were higher in older children. Significant differences were observed in 83 items, and 94 items, respectively according to school and father's education that could be considered to reflect socioeconomic status and it was reavealed that the lower the status, the higher the prevalence in most items. Items more common in upper class tend to be more anxiety-tension related(internalizing) and items more common in lower class tend to be more aggressive, hyperactive and other behavioval problems(externalizing). 3) Brief cross-cultural comparisons between the current study and other studies reported in the literature revealed major differences in several areas. The total problem score for Korean children was much higher than those of American and Dutch children, but lower than those of Canada and Chile. Although most of other studies reported higher total problem scores for boys, than for girls there was no sex difference in total problem score for Korean children. This was reflected in the finding of an almost equal numbers of items(26 for boys, 21 for girls) being more common than the other sex. Analyses by grade(age) also indicate major differences between Korean and American-Dutch children ; In contrast to the finding that total problem score was higher and larger number of items were more common for younger children in American and Dutch studies, they were higher for older children in Korean study. Socioeconomic variables seems to exert far more significant effect on the total score and the prevalence of each items in Korean study, when compared with American and Dutch studies. Further analyses of the data including a comparison with a clinic sample are deferred to another paper and so are the factor analysis results of 122 items into emotional/behavioral syndromes.

Human salivary proteins with affinity to lipoteichoic acid of Enterococcus faecalis

Baik, J.E.,Choe, H.I.,Hong, S.W.,Kang, S.S.,Ahn, K.B.,Cho, K.,Yun, C.H.,Han, S.H. Pergamon Press 2016 Molecular immunology Vol.77 No.-

<P>Enterococcus faecalis is associated with refractory apical periodontitis and its lipoteichoic acid (Ef.LTA) is considered as a major virulence factor. Although the binding proteins of Ef.LTA may play an important role for mediating infection and immunity in the oral cavity, little is known about Ef.LTA-binding proteins (Ef.LTA-BPs) in saliva. In this study, we identified salivary Ef.LTA-BPs with biotinylated Ef.LTA (Ef.LTA-biotin) through mass spectrometry. The biotinylation of Ef.LTA was confirmed by binding capacity with streptavidin-FITC on CHO/CD14/TLR2 cells. The biological activity of Ef.LTA-biotin was determined based on the induction of nitric oxide and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in a macrophage cell-line, RAW 264.7. To identify salivary Ef.LTA-BPs, the Ef.LTA-biotin was mixed with a pool of human saliva obtained from nine healthy subjects followed by precipitation with a streptavidin-coated bead. Ef.LTA-BPs were then separated with 12% SDS-PAGE and subjected to the mass spectrometry. Six human salivary Ef.LTABPs including short palate lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 2, zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B, hemoglobin subunit alpha and beta, apolipoprotein A-I, and lipocalin-1 were identified with statistical significance (P<0.05). Ef.LTA-BPs were validated with lipocalin-1 using pull-down assay. Hemoglobin inhibited the biofilm formation of E. faecalis whereas lipocalin-1 did not show such effect. Collectively, the identified Ef.LTA-BPs could provide clues for our understanding of the pathogenesis of E. faecalis and host immunity in oral cavity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Effects of estrogen and estrogenic compounds, 4-tert-octylphenol, and bisphenol A on the uterine contraction and contraction-associated proteins in rats

An, B.S.,Ahn, H.J.,Kang, H.S.,Jung, E.M.,Yang, H.,Hong, E.J.,Jeung, E.B. North-Holland 2013 Molecular and cellular endocrinology Vol.375 No.1

We examined the effects of estradiol (E2), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) on uterine contractions in immature rats. The expression and localization of contraction-associated proteins (CAPs), and contractility of rat uterus with a collagen gel contraction assay were analyzed. E2, OP, and BPA all increased oxytocin (OT)-related pathway, while the prostaglandin-related signaling was reduced. Interestingly, E2 and estrogenic compounds showed distinct effects on the contractile activity of uterine cells. E2 enhanced the contractility, while OP and BPA significantly decreased it. Immunohistochemical analysis of CAPs showed distinct regulation of prostaglandin F receptor localization by E2 and estrogenic compounds, which may explain the different contractile activities of those reagents. In summary, we demonstrate that E2, OP, and BPA regulate CAP expression in a similar manner in the immature rat uterus, however, the effects on contractile activity were modulated differently. These findings suggest that OP and BPA interfere with uterine contractility.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium deregulation by the RanBP9-cofilin pathway

Roh, Seung-Eon,Woo, Jung A.,Lakshmana, Madepalli K.,Uhlar, Courtney,Ankala, Vinishaa,Boggess, Taylor,Liu, Tian,Hong, Yun-Hwa,Mook-Jung, Inhee,Kim, Sang Jeong,Kang, David E. The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2013 The FASEB Journal Vol.27 No.12

<P>Mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage are important features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. We reported previously that the scaffolding protein RanBP9, which is overall increased in brains of patients with AD and in mutant APP transgenic mice, simultaneously promotes Aβ generation and focal adhesion disruption by accelerating the endocytosis of APP and β1-integrin, respectively. Moreover, RanBP9 induces neurodegeneration <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> and mediates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Here we show in primary hippocampal neurons that RanBP9 potentiates Aβ-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, apoptosis, and calcium deregulation. Analyses of calcium-handling measures demonstrate that RanBP9 selectively delays the clearance of cytosolic Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter through a process involving the translocation of cofilin into mitochondria and oxidative mechanisms. Further, RanBP9 retards the anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria in primary neurons and decreases synaptic mitochondrial activity in brain. These data indicate that RanBP9, cofilin, and Aβ mimic and potentiate each other to produce mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS overproduction, and calcium deregulation, which leads to neurodegenerative changes reminiscent of those seen in AD.—Roh. S.-E., Woo, J. A., Lakshmana, M. K., Uhlar, C., Ankala, V., Boggess, T., Liu, T., Hong, Y.-H., Mook-Jung, I., Kim, S. J., Kang, D. E. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium deregulation by the RanBP9-cofilin pathway.</P>

정신병동에 입원한 중학생환자의 임상적 고찰

홍강의,최형관 大韓神經精神醫學會 1982 신경정신의학 Vol.21 No.4

저자들은 사춘기에 시작되는 초기 청소년기의 정신장애가 어떠한 특징을 가졌는지를 알기위해 1979년 7월1일부터 1981년 12월 31일까지 2년 6개월간 서울대학교병원 소아정신과에 처음 입원하였던 중학생환자 34명을 대상으로 임상적 특징과 사회환경적 요인을 조사했고 이들중 추적 가능한 20명의 퇴원후의 경과를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 진단분포에서는 정신분열병 29.4%, 정신분열병양장애 17.6%, 주요정동장애 8.8%로 정신병에 해당하는 환자는 55.8%였으며 그외에 신체형장애 23.5%, 성격장애 8.8%, 적응장애 8.8%, Tourette장애 2.9%였다. 2. 증상의 유형은 행동증상이 50%에서 나타나 제일 높은 빈도를 보였고 불안, 우울등의 정서증상, 대인관계장애, 신체증상, 수면장애등의 순위였다. 3. 형제출생 순위는 맏이와 외동이 61.8%였으며 부모와의 관계는 반수 정도에서 원만치 못하였는데 아버지에게는 주로 무관심하거나 피하는 태도를 나타내는 반면 어머니에게는 반항적이거나 피하는 태도를 나타내었다. 이들 부모의 관계는 79.4%에서 원만치 못하였고 4촌이내의 친척에서 정신병력이 있는 경우는 20.6%였다. 4. 대상의 70%에서 발병전 1년이내에 주요 생활변화가 있었는데 부모와 별거 26.5%, 가족내에 큰 질병 20.6%, 경제적 파탄 11.8%, 전학 11.8%였다. 5. 퇴원후 추적조사가 가능했던 경우는 20명이었고 추적 불가능한 14명은 주소불명 10명, 해외거주 3명, 뇌종양을 신체형장애로 오진받았다 퇴원후 사망한 1명이었다. 6. 추적 조사결과 정신분열병, Tourette장애, 성격장애(경계선성격장애)등에서는 결과가 좋지 않았던 반면 정신분열병양장애, 정동장애, 신체형장애에서는 비교적 경과가 좋았다. 퇴원후 학업을 중단한 경우는 7명으로 정신분열병 3명, 정신분열병장애 1명, 정동장애 1명, 성격장애 1명, 적응장애 1명이었다. 이들중 정신분열병장애 1명은 재입원하여 정신분열병으로 진단받았고 적응장애 1명도 2번의 재입원이 있었던 점으로 정신병의 가능성을 시사한다. 또한 퇴원후 가족과의 관계는 반수에서 개선되었다. 7. 결론적으로 사춘기와 초기청소년기에 해당하는 중학생시기는 생물학적, 심리적, 사회학적인 급격한 변화와 관련되어 주요 정신장애가 호발되는 시기로 임상가의 관심을 필요로 한다고 하겠다. This is a retrospective study on clinical features and socioenvironmental factors of 34 early adolescents, who were admitted to a psychiatric ward for the first time from July 1979 to December 1981. Inpatient charts of the subjects were reviewed in detail. A follow-up study was carried out and it was possible to locate 20 subjects who were visited or telephone interviewed regarding their post-discharge adjustment. The results were as follows. 1. The diagnostic distributions were the schizophrenics(29.4%), somatoform disorders(23.5%), schizophreniform disorder(17.6%), affective disorder(8.8%), Tourette disorder(2.9%). 2. The most frequent presenting symptom was behavioral symptoms and the nexts were emotional symptoms, interpersonal relationship problems, somatic complaints, sleep problems in order of frequency. 3. 61.8% of the subjects was the first or only child. Nearly a half of the subjects did not have good relationship with their parents. Their attitudes toward their fathers were indifferent or avoidant, in contrast, they were indifferent or resistant and rebellious to their mother. Almost 80% of the subjects parent had some form of marital problems. A family history of psychosis was found in 20% of the subjects. 4. 70% of the subjects reported that they experienced major life change within 1 year prior to admission. They were separation from parents(26.5%), illness in family member(20.6%), economic bankruptcy (11.8%), change of school(11.8%). 5. 20 subjects were able to be located for the follow-up study and 14 subjects couldn't be interviewed because of unknown address (10), imigration (3) and one subject died from brain tumor who were misdiagnosed as hysterical conversion. 6. The follow-up assessment revealed that schizophrenics, Tourette disorder, borderline personality disorder did not do well at all after discharge while schizophreniform disorder, affective disorder, somatoform disorder showed satisfactory adjustment 7 subjects (3 schizophrenics. 1 schizophreniform disorder, 1 affective disorder, 1 borderline personality disorder, 1 adjustment disorder) were not attending to school at the time of follow-up study. Relationship with family members improved in the half of the cases. One subject originally diagnosed as schizophreniform disorder and the other as adjustment disorder during admission appeared to be schizophrenics at the time of follow-up study. 7. In conclusion, junior high school period, corresponding to puberty and early adolescence, is the period in which major psychiatric disorders can occur frequently in association with sudden biological, psychological, and sociological changes.

아토피피부염 소아 청소년에서의 정신병리와 양육태도 연구

홍강의,정재석,김규한 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1999 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.10 No.1

소아정신과 외래환자의 과잉운동에 관한 연구 : (Ⅰ)Child Psychiatry and Pediatric Outpatients

홍강의,홍경자 최신의학사 1980 最新醫學 Vol.23 No.8

주의력결핍 과잉활동 장애 아동에서 약물 단독 치료와 부모 훈련 병합 치료의 효과 비교

홍강의,오경자,신민섭 대한소아·청소년정신의학회 1995 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

소아청소년 정신과병동 입원아동의 학대에 대한 임상 연구

홍강의,이수경 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1999 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.10 No.2