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Kadowaki, Shigenori,Komori, Azusa,Takahari, Daisuke,Ura, Takashi,Ito, Seiji,Tajika, Masahiro,Niwa, Yasumasa,Oze, Isao,Muro, Kei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13
Background: Systemic chemotherapy for patients with metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) is generally palliative, although some patients experience long-term survival after treatment. Thus, we identified clinical characteristics that are associated with long-term survival of patients with MGC after palliative chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 514 MGC patients who received systemic chemotherapy at our institution from 2001 to 2008. To identify clinical predictors of survival beyond 2 years, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, and 5-year survival rates were estimated among MGC patients following chemotherapy. Results: Among 514 patients, 96 (19%) and 16 (3%) survived beyond 2 and 5 years, respectively, and performance status of 0 or 1 (odds ratio [OR]=3.39; p=0.01), previous gastrectomy (OR=1.86; p=0.01), single metastatic site (OR=1.80; p=0.03), and normal alkaline phosphatase levels (OR=2.81; p<0.01) were identified as independent predictors of long-term survival. Of the 16 5-year survivors, six were alive at the end of the study and showed no evidence of disease despite cessation of chemotherapy. Conclusions: The present data demonstrate distinct clinical characteristics that are associated with long-term survival of MGC patients, and indicated that palliative chemotherapy can be curative in highly selected patients.
Kadowaki, Natsuki,Kishida, Kazuaki Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2020 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.8 No.2
Word similarity is often measured to enhance system performance in the information retrieval field and other related areas. This paper reports on an experimental comparison of values for word similarity measures that were computed based on 50 intentionally selected words from a Reuters corpus. There were three targets, including (1) co-occurrence-based similarity measures (for which a co-occurrence frequency is counted as the number of documents or sentences), (2) context-based distributional similarity measures obtained from a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), and Word2Vec algorithm, and (3) similarity measures computed from the tf-idf weights of each word according to a vector space model (VSM). Here, a Pearson correlation coefficient for a pair of VSM-based similarity measures and co-occurrence-based similarity measures according to the number of documents was highest. Group-average agglomerative hierarchical clustering was also applied to similarity matrices computed by individual measures. An evaluation of the cluster sets according to an answer set revealed that VSM- and LDA-based similarity measures performed best.
Hoque, M.A.,Kadowaki, H.,Shibata, T.,Suzuki, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.7
Direct and maternal genetic parameters for production traits in 1,642 pigs and maternal genetic correlations among production (1,642 pigs) and feed efficiency (380 boars) traits were estimated in 7 generations of a Duroc population. Traits studied were daily gain (DG), intramuscular fat (IMF), loineye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). The RFI was calculated as the difference between actual and predicted feed intake. The predicted feed intake was estimated by adjusting the initial test weight, DG and BF. Data for production traits were analyzed using four alternative animal models (including direct, direct+maternal permanent environmental, or direct+maternal genetic+maternal permanent environmental effects). Direct heritability estimates from the model including direct and all maternal effects were $0.41{\pm}0.04$ for DG, $0.27{\pm}0.04$ for IMF, $0.52{\pm}0.06$ for LEA and $0.64{\pm}0.04$ for BF. Estimated maternal heritabilities ranged from $0.04{\pm}0.04$ to $0.15{\pm}0.05$ for production traits. Antagonistic relationships were observed between direct and maternal genetic effects ($r_{am}$) for LEA (-0.21). Maternal genetic correlations of feed efficiency traits with FI ($r_g$ of FI with FCR and RFI were $0.73{\pm}0.06$ and $0.90{\pm}0.05$, respectively) and LEA (rg of LEA with FCR and RFI were $-0.48{\pm}0.05$ to $-0.61{\pm}0.05$, respectively) were favorable. The estimated moderate genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects for IMF and LEA indicated that maternal effects has an important role in these traits, and should be accounted for in the genetic evaluation system.
Effects of insulin glulisine as mono- or add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kawamori, R.,Iwamoto, Y.,Kadowaki, T.,Iwasaki, M.,Kim, S.-W.,Woo, J.-T.,Baik, S.-H.,Yoon, K.-H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 DIABETES OBESITY AND METABOLISM Vol.11 No.9
<P>Aim</P><P>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of insulin glulisine (glulisine) with and without oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD; sulphonylurea or sulphonylurea + biguanide) relative to that of OAD alone in Japanese and Korean patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</P><P>Methods</P><P>In an open, randomized, parallel-group, comparative, controlled trial, 387 patients were randomized and treated with glulisine + OAD (n = 130), glulisine monotherapy (n = 127) or OAD only (n = 130) for 16 weeks. Glulisine was self-injected subcutaneously three times daily (0–15 minutes before meals) at a starting dose of ≥0.2 U/kg/day. Patients titrated the glulisine dose to achieve a 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PPG) level of 7.1–9.5 mmol/l (128–172 mg/dl) by administering at least one additional unit at each appropriate meal time if the 2h-PPG level was > 9.5 and < 11.1 mmol/l (> 172 and < 200 mg/dl) and by administering at least two additional units if the 2h-PPG level was ≥ 11.1 mmol/l (≥ 200 mg/dl). Therapy with OAD was continued at the stable baseline regimen. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in haemoglobin A<SUB>1c</SUB> (HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>) from baseline to endpoint in the intention-to-treat population.</P><P>Results</P><P>At baseline, therapy with OAD was a sulphonylurea only and a sulphonylurea + a biguanide in approximately 24 and 76% of patients respectively. Both glulisine groups had larger reductions in adjusted mean HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> than the OAD-only group (glulisine + OAD, −2.07%; glulisine monotherapy, −1.25%; OAD only, −0.61%). Superiority of glulisine + OAD and glulisine monotherapy vs. OAD only was shown by differences in adjusted mean HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> change from baseline values of −1.46% (p < 0.0001) and −0.64% (p < 0.0001) respectively. Both glulisine groups had better 2h-PPG control than the OAD-only group. Mean daily glulisine doses increased from baseline to endpoint (glulisine + OAD, 13.3–22.5 U; glulisine monotherapy, 14.2–38.0 U). The rate of all symptomatic hypoglycaemia events per patient-year in the entire treatment phase was 11.9 in the glulisine + OAD group, 8.8 in the glulisine monotherapy group and 1.7 in the OAD-only group. There was only one event of severe hypoglycaemia, which occurred in the glulisine + OAD group. Efficacy and safety were similar in Japanese and Korean subpopulations.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>Both glulisine + OAD and glulisine monotherapy were well tolerated and effective for Japanese and Korean patients with T2DM mellitus inadequately controlled by OAD therapy alone.</P>