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1
Morphological and Molecular Differences of Exobasidium vexans Massee Causing Blister Blight Disease of Tea

D.C. Abeysinghe,K.M. Mewan,W.M.S.S. Kumari,K.L.W. Kumara 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S
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- 복사/대출신청
Tea Blister blight, which is caused by Exobasidium vexans Massee is the most serious tea leaf disease in Sri Lanka. The disease is primarily controlled by fungicidal sprays. Continuous application of fungicides can contribute to the development of new races/strains. Therefore, current study was conducted to identify morphological and genetical variation of E. vexans. Infected leaf samples collected from quite apart and geographically more diverse regions representing Kandy, Passara, and Talawakele in Sri Lanka were analyzed for morphological parameters such as length and width of spores. DNA extracted from spores, which were collected from mature blisters of different samples, was assessed by RAPD-PCR to identify molecular differences. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software package. Significant differences were obtained for length and width of E. vexans spores of different isolates. In the liquid media tested, sucrose and lactose solutions were found to be better for the germ tube elongation, than the rest. RAPD-PCR based characterization affirmed genetical variation of E. vexans among the different climatic regions and also among the four cultivars tested.
2
First record of cyanobacteria species: Cephalothrix komarekiana, from tropical Asia

Md. Fuad Hossain,R.W.T.M.R.T.K. Bowange,K.L.W. Kumara,D.N. Magana-Arachchi,R.R. Ratnayake 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.2
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Cyanobacteria play an important ecological role in every ecosystem with hidden economic and social impact. Among tropical countries, Sri Lanka holds a rich biodiversity with remarkable cyanobacterial diversity. The major objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of culturable cyanobacteria from freshwater bodies of Sri Lanka, with a phylogenetic perspective. Molecular characterization followed by phylogenetic evaluations allowed identification of new species with value added potential and revealed deeper taxonomic resolutions. A total of 74 monocultures were obtained. Rare isolates; Alkalinema pantanalense (U4), Geitlerinema sp. (U36) and Westiellopsis prolifica (U58) were also among them. Novel species Cephalothrix komarekiana was identified for the first time in Sri Lanka. This species was first reported from South American continent (Brazil and Amazonian rivers in 2015 and 2017 respectively) and Korea in 2018. The present study is next in line reporting the species first time from the tropical Asia. Higher value added potential and easy culturing of C. komarekiana suggest its economical applicability in many industries. Overall, this study provides insight on diversity, ecological distribution and industrial applicability of culturable cyanobacteria from the tropics with special reference to C. komarekiana reported from Sri Lanka.
3
Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies

Vinay, D.S.,Ryan, E.P.,Pawelec, G.,Talib, W.H.,Stagg, J.,Elkord, E.,Lichtor, T.,Decker, W.K.,Whelan, R.L.,Kumara, H.M.C.S.,Signori, E.,Honoki, K.,Georgakilas, A.G.,Amin, A.,Helferich, W.G.,Boosani, C. Saunders Scientific Publications ; Academic Press 2015 SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY Vol.35 No.suppl
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Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through ''equilibrium'' and ''senescence'' before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.