Heart Failure Statistics 2024 Update: A Report From the Korean Society of Heart Failure

Lee Chan Joo,Lee Hokyou,Yoon Minjae,Chun Kyeong-Hyeon,Kong Min Gyu,Jung Mi-Hyang,Kim In-Cheol,Cho Jae Yeong,Kang Jeehoon,Park Jin Joo,Kim Hyeon Chang,Choi Dong-Ju,Lee Jungkuk,Kang Seok-Min 대한심부전학회 2024 International Journal of Heart Failure Vol.6 No.2

Background and Objectives The number of people with heart failure (HF) is increasing worldwide, and the social burden is increasing as HF has high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to provide updated trends on the epidemiology of HF in Korea to shape future social measures against HF. Methods We used the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service to determine the prevalence, incidence, hospitalization rate, mortality rate, comorbidities, in-hospital mortality, and healthcare cost of patients with HF from 2002 to 2020 in Korea. Results The prevalence of HF in the total Korean population rose from 0.77% in 2002 to 2.58% (1,326,886 people) in 2020. Although the age-standardized incidence of HF decreased over the past 18 years, the age-standardized prevalence increased. In 2020, the hospitalization rate for any cause in patients with HF was 1,166 per 100,000 persons, with a steady increase from 2002. In 2002, the HF mortality was 3.0 per 100,000 persons, which rose to 15.6 per 100,000 persons in 2020. While hospitalization rates and in-hospital mortality for patients with HF increased, the mortality rate for patients with HF did not (5.8% in 2020), and the one-year survival rate from the first diagnosis of HF improved. The total healthcare costs for patients with HF were approximately $2.4 billion in 2020, a 16-fold increase over the $0.15 billion in 2002. Conclusions The study’s results underscore the growing socioeconomic burden of HF in Korea, driven by an aging population and increasing HF prevalence. Background and Objectives The number of people with heart failure (HF) is increasing worldwide, and the social burden is increasing as HF has high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to provide updated trends on the epidemiology of HF in Korea to shape future social measures against HF. Methods We used the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service to determine the prevalence, incidence, hospitalization rate, mortality rate, comorbidities, in-hospital mortality, and healthcare cost of patients with HF from 2002 to 2020 in Korea. Results The prevalence of HF in the total Korean population rose from 0.77% in 2002 to 2.58% (1,326,886 people) in 2020. Although the age-standardized incidence of HF decreased over the past 18 years, the age-standardized prevalence increased. In 2020, the hospitalization rate for any cause in patients with HF was 1,166 per 100,000 persons, with a steady increase from 2002. In 2002, the HF mortality was 3.0 per 100,000 persons, which rose to 15.6 per 100,000 persons in 2020. While hospitalization rates and in-hospital mortality for patients with HF increased, the mortality rate for patients with HF did not (5.8% in 2020), and the one-year survival rate from the first diagnosis of HF improved. The total healthcare costs for patients with HF were approximately $2.4 billion in 2020, a 16-fold increase over the $0.15 billion in 2002. Conclusions The study’s results underscore the growing socioeconomic burden of HF in Korea, driven by an aging population and increasing HF prevalence.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

수분산 폴리우레탄의 사슬연장 반응에 관한 연구

공현철,정인우,김중현 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

In the synthesis of water-based polyurethane using self-emulsification process, afterbeing neutralized polyurethane pre=polymers containing ionic pendant groups are dispersed by simple convective mixing Preparation of dispersion is followed by chain extension reaction, which is considered as important step for growth of the molecular weight of polyurethane, In this work pH variations in the aqueous phasa were monitored during the chain extension process in the presence of water-soluble diamines. The optimum degree of chain extension and the average prrticle size in the polyurethane dispersions were examined with varying ionic pendent group contents, type of chain extenders, and feed reat of chain extenders.The initial pH value in the aqueous phase linearly increased andthe optimum chain extension point could be obtained from the intersection of two linear lines having different slopes. All averge particle sizes before chain extension reaction were almost same, howeve,the final averge particle size increased as feed rates of chain extenders incerased. In addition as the ionic pendant group contents increased, the particle size decreased since the hydrophilicity and hydrodynamic volume increased. As carbon numbers of the chain extenders inreased, the final particle size increased significantly From the results it was concluded that the chain extension reaction took place among the particles not only in a particle.

Co/Mn/Br계 촉매상에서 p-자일렌 액상산화반응의 공정변수에 관한 연구

손용배,박경린,류태공,김정희,오인석,김영호,양현수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.16 No.2

Liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene using molecular oxygen has been carried out on the Co/Mn/Br-based catalyst system in acetic acid as a solvent. Process parameters(total pressure, partial pressure of oxygen and temperature) and kinetics of the reaction were studied as a basic study in the viewpoint for the development of new catalyst system and process. The total pressure above 20atm and the partial pressure of oxygen above 5atm were required to keep the reactant in the liquid phase and to overcome the mass transfer limitation of oxygen. The oxidation rate conversion were increased with increasing reaction temperature to the 100∼190℃ range. For a given initial concentration of p-xylene, the oxidation rate and the apparent activation energy were found to be of first-order and 4.24 ㎉/㏖, respectively. The effect of the third components added to the Co/Mn/Br catalyst was also studied. It was found that Ni is only a good additive that can promote the catalyst performance.

학습부진아의 학습기술이 진로장애요인에 미치는 영향

공인규,정흥식,안창규 釜山大學校 敎育硏究所 2006 敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses to Processed Rice Products in Normal Subjects

Jung-In Kim,Byoung-Wook Kong,Suk-Heui Jung,Su-Jin Park,Tae-Wan Kwon,Jae Cherl Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2002 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.7 No.2

The influence of physical forms of gelatinized rice products on enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro and glycemic and insulinemic responses in normal subjects were studied. Densities of garaeduk, bagsulgi, and cooked rice were 1.20, 1.18 and 1.11 g/mL, respectively, while moisture contents of garaeduk, bagsulgi, and cooked rice were 47.5, 43.1 and 66.0% (wt.), respectively. The highest initial rate of in vitro hydrolysis by porcine pancreatic α - amylase was observed in bagsulgi followed by cooked rice and garaeduk. However, time for complete hydrolysis seemed to reach a plateau value. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses and satiety of rice products were studied in 12 normal subjects (mean age 23.2±2.4 years, 6 men and 6 women). Postprandial serum glucose and insulin levels, after consumption of the rice products, reached a peak at 30 min. Garaeduk showed significantly less incremental responses for glucose (1627.5±134.9 mgㆍmin/dL) and insulin (2041±287.0 μUㆍmin/mL) than did bagsulgi for glucose (2407.4±208.3 mgㆍmin/dL) and insulin (3582±264.4 μUㆍmin/mL). Satiety responses to the rice products were not significantly different. Therefore, it can be concluded that garaeduk may be more beneficial in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia than bagsulgi. These results also suggest that physical properties of starch products, acquired by the specific processing methods, affect postprandial metabolism of carbohydrate foods.

Optimizing Mass Culture for Sphingomonas sp.C8-2 to Degrade Triazole Fungicide Defenoconazole

Jun-Kyung PARK,Gui Hwan HAN,Ho-Dong LIM,Kong-Min KIM,Jung-Hwan JI,So-Jung RHYU,Yeon-Woong CHOI,Yul-A CHOI,In-Cheol PARK,Jae-Hyung AHN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

In the agricultural environment, chemical control, chemicals and fertilizers were used as methods for pest control to improve the quality of crop cultivation. It has problems that cause environmental pollution, such as nondecomposing residual problems and the resulting ecological destruction, and environmentally friendly policies are being implemented around the world. The most commonly used triazole-based disinfectant is reported to have a relatively long residual period in the soil, and are likely to remain in soil and crops for long time, damaging the environment. Preliminary research by Rural Development Administration (RDA) has isolated microorganisms that biodegrading the triazole-based disinfectant difenoconazole, and we want to develop the formulation and industrialization technology of this strain. So, the aim of this research, we have optimized to culture conditions of microorganism such as, Sphingomonas sp.C8-2 that have an efficiency of degrading defenoconazole fungicide. This effective microorganism Sphingomonas sp., was kindly provided by Rural Development Administration (RDA) and Republic of Korea. First, optimization of parameters for Sphingomonas sp. growth, for instance, carbon source, nitrogen source, mineral source, temperature, pH and agitation speed were determined in small scale. As a results, the optimal media were developed carbon and nitrogen sources were determined as glucose and peptone, respectively, then resulted in 1.4~3.4 x 10⁹ CFU/ml by flask cultivations. And then, growth optimization of Sphingomonas sp.C8-2 in 5L jar-fermenter with the optimized defined medium were carried out and OD600㎚, pH, viable cell count (CFU/ml) was determined. Initial incubation pH was measured from 7.28 to 7.81 and for OD600㎚ it was 1.100 for 39 hours. The final viable cell count by optimized conditions was measured at 1.8 x 10⁹ CFU/mL. Now, at the lab scale level, the storage stability of Sphingomonas sp.C8-2 in liquid type and three different types of powder formulation type with different ingredients form was developed and optimized for their effect on fungicide at different temperature for more than 6 months continuously. For the cultivation of the pilot scale, researches using this microorganism agent are in progress. Furthermore, the degradation of defenoconazole by liquid or powder formulation types of Sphingomonas sp.C8-2 will be used as base line data that can be utilized directly on the field for development and industrialization.

Dental Survey at Okcheon County as Water Fluoridated Area

Jung-In Kong,So-Young Kim,Eun-Hee Lee,Min-Jeong Cho,Cheon-Hee Lee 대한예방치과학회 2014 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.10 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze of the water fluoridation program (0.8 ppmF) implemented in the area for around 15 years so as to prevent dental caries. Methods: The authors have surveyed dental caries experience of the children and adolescents (age: 5, 9, 12, and 15 years) in Okcheon county. Results: Decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) on the deciduous teeth of children at 5 and 9 in Okcheon county was relatively lower than the national average. DMFT on the permanent teeth of children and adolescents at 9 was similar to the national average, but that at 12 and 15 was lower than the national average. Comparing DMFT of the fluoridation and non-fluoridation areas within Okcheon county, the children and adolescents in most age groups in the fluoridation area experienced less dental caries. Comparing DMFT of all age groups (children/adolescents) with the national average of the corresponding age groups, DMFT was lower among the children and adolescents in Okcheon county. It is believed to be the result of water fluoridation program implemented in Okcheon county for 15 years. Conclusion: It is reasonable to continue the water fluoridation program in Okcheon county, for it significantly prevents dental caries, which is clearly shown when compared to the national average, and it is ultimately for the oral health of children and adolescents in Okcheon county.

The Effect of Combined Exercise on Physical Fitness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults

( Jung Hwan Park ),( Sang Hee Lee ),( Je Young Bae ),( Jin Hee Han ),( In Hwan Lee ),( Ji Young Kong ),( Seung Hoon Yang ),( Eue Soo Ann ),( Hyun Sik Kang ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise training on physical fitness and cognitive function in elderly persons. A total of 30 elderly persons (aged 69.5±5.5 years) were voluntarily recruited from local residents in the S city of Gyeonggi-Do. Method: The subjects were conveniently assigned to either exercise (n=15) or control group (n=15). The exercise group underwent a combined exercise intervention consisting of senior aerobic exercise and resistance exercise at an intensity of 50-60% of target heart rates with duration of 60-minute per session (10-min warm-up followed by 40-minute main exercise finished with 10-minute cool-down) and a frequency of 3days per week for 12 weeks. The control group maintained their sedentary life styles during the experimental period. Eight (7 women and 1 man) out of the initial 30 participants dropped out due to personal reasons. Data collected from the remaining 22 participants were used in the final analyses. Outcome variables included body composition, functional physical fitness parameters, Korean version of mini-mental state examination for dementia screening (MMSE) score-based cognitive function. Two-way mixed ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to test significant time by group interactions for the measured variables at a statistical significance of p=0.05. Result: Significant group by time interactions were found for changed physical fitness parameters, cognitive function scales. Compared to the control group, the exercise had significant improvements in lower-, upper body strength, endurance and lower body-flexibility after the exercise intervention. In addition, the exercise group had significantly improved MMSE score-based cognitive function, as compared with the control group. Conclusion: In summary, the present findings of the study suggest that combined exercise intervention provides a safe and effective means against cognitive declines with aging. Acknowledgement: The National Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2012R1A1A2006180) supported this work

A splice variant of the C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger protein, ZNF268s, regulates NF-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha.

Chun, Jung Nyeo,Song, In Sung,Kang, Dong-Hoon,Song, Hye Jin,Kim, Hye In,Suh, Ja Won,Lee, Kong Ju,Kim, Jaesang,Kang, Sang Won Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.2

<P>IkappaB kinase (IKK), the pivotal kinase in signal-dependent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), is composed of multiple protein components, including IKK alpha/beta/gamma core subunits. To investigate the regulation of the IKK complex, we immunoaffinity purified the IKK complex, and by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified a splice variant of zinc finger protein 268 (ZNF268) as a novel IKK-interacting protein. Both the full-length and the spliced form of the ZNF268 protein were detected in a variety of mammalian tissues and cell lines. The genes were cloned and expressed by in vitro transcription/translation. Several deletion derivatives, such as KRAB domain (KRAB) on its own, the KRAB/spacer/4-zinc fingers (zF4), and the spacer/ 4-zinc fingers (zS4), were ectopically expressed in mammalian cells and exhibited had different subcellular locations. The KRAB-containing mutants were restricted to the nucleus, while zS4 was localized in the cytosol. TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation was examined using these mutants and only zS4 was found to stimulate activation. Collectively, the results indicate that a spliced form of ZNF268 lacking the KRAB domain is located in the cytosol, where it seems to play a role in TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation by interacting with the IKK complex.</P>