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Ecological risk by potentially toxic elements in surface sediments of the Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela)
Julio Marin,Marinela Colina,Hilda Ledo,P.H.E. Gardiner 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.4
The evaluation of potential ecological risk of aquatic sediments associated with the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTE) determines its degree of danger on native biota. In this work, the potential ecological risk of V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Hg and Pb in superficial sediments is explained in three different areas of Lake Maracaibo: El Tablazo Bay, Strait of Maracaibo and the lake itself, through a multi-guideline approach (elemental enrichment (enrichment factor, contamination degree, pollutant load index and geo-accumulation index), sediment quality guidelines and risk assessment code). The PTE levels ranged from 〈 0.025 to 176.722 mg·kg<SUP>−1</SUP> DW, with an overall proportion of V 〉Ti 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉As 〉 Cd 〉 Se 〉 Hg 〉 Sn. The PTE concurrent effect on biota was El Tablazo Bay 〉 lake 〉 Strait of Maracaibo. The superficial sediments of Lake Maracaibo constitute a medium with a high potential ecological risk on estuarine biota. This is mainly due to the levels of As in El Tablazo Bay, Cd in the Strait of Maracaibo and Pb in the lake area. This represents a latent toxicity hazard for native biological communities and other associated organisms.
Quintero, Jesus,Juamperez, Javier,Gonzales, Emmanuel,Julio, Ecaterina,Mercadal-Hally, Maria,Collado-Hilly, Mauricette,Marin-Sanchez, Ana,Charco, Ramon The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2020 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.23 No.2
We present an 8 years old girl who was diagnosed at 6 months of age of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis type 2. Although liver transplantation (LT) was classically considered curative for these patients, cholestasis recurrence with normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), mediated by anti-bile salt export pump (BSEP) antibodies after LT (auto-antibody Induced BSEP Deficiency, AIBD) has been recently reported. Our patient underwent LT at 14 months. During her evolution, patient presented three episodes of acute rejection. Seven years after the LT, the patient presented pruritus with cholestasis and elevation of liver enzymes with persistent normal GGT. Liver biopsy showed intrahepatic cholestasis and giant-cell transformation with very low BSEP activity. Auto-antibodies against BSEP were detected therefore an AIBD was diagnosed. She was treated with Rituximab and immunoadsorption with resolution of the AIBD. As a complication of the treatment she developed a pneumocystis infection successfully treated with corticoids, cotrimoxazol and anidulafungin.