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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Joseph W. Spatafora (검색결과 4 건)
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Bipolar Heterothallism, a Principal Mating System of Cordyceps militaris In Vitro
Joseph W. Spatafora,성기호,Bhushan Shrestha,김호경,성재모 한국생물공학회 2004 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.9 No.6
Interest in in vitro study of entomopathogenic fungi, including Cordyceps species, has been increasing due to their valuable bioactive compounds and biocontrol effects. Among Cordyceps species, in vitro stromata of C. militaris has been successfully produced and cultivated for industrial purposes. However, genetic study on in vitro stromata formation of C. militaris has not been carried out yet. Here, relationship between mating system and perithecial stromata formation of C. militaris is reported. Mating system was determined by observing perithecial stromata formation from mono-ascospore cultures and their pair-wise combinations. Certain combinations of mono-ascospore strains produced perithecial club-shaped stromata, whereas other combinations produced either no stromata or only abnormal non-perithecial stromata. Similarly, mono-ascospore cultures without combination produced either no stromata or only abnormal non-perithecial stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, self-fertility was occasionally observed in few strains of C. militaris. These observations indicated that C. militaris behaves as a bipolar heterothallic fungus and requires two mating compatible strains in order to produce regular club-shaped perithecial stromata, a fundamental requirement for its industrial cultivation.
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Bipolar Heterothallism, a Principal Mating System of Cordyceps militaris In Vitro
Shrestha Bhushan,Kim Ho Kyung,Sung Gi Ho,Spatafora Joseph W.,Sung Jae Mo The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2004 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.9 No.6
Interest in in vitro study of entomopathogenic fungi, including Cordyceps species, has been increasing due to their valuable bioactive compounds and biocontrol effects. Among Cordyceps species, in vitro stromata of C militaris has been successfully produced and cultivated for industrial purposes. However, genetic study on in vitro stromata formation of C militaris has not been carried out yet. Here, relationship between mating system and perithecial stromata formation of C militaris is reported. Mating system was determined by observing perithecial stromata formation from mono-ascospore cultures and their pair-wise combinations. Certain combinations of mono-ascospore strains produced perithecial club-shaped stromata, whereas other combinations produced either no stromata or only abnormal non-perithecial stromata. Similarly, monoascospore cultures without combination produced either no stromata or only abnormal nonperithecial stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, self-fertility was occasionally observed in few strains of C militaris. These observations indicated that C militaris behaves as a bipolar heterothallic fungus and requires two mating compatible strains in order to produce regular clubshaped perithecial stromata, a fundamental requirement for its industrial cultivation.
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Kepler, Ryan M.,Sung, Gi-Ho,Harada, Yukio,Tanaka, Kazuaki,Tanaka, Eiji,Hosoya, Tsuyoshi,Bischoff, Joseph F.,Spatafora, Joseph W. Wiley (John WileySons) 2012 American journal of botany Vol.99 No.3
<P>This research seeks to advance understanding of conditions allowing movement of fungal pathogens among hosts. The family Clavicipitaceae contains fungal pathogens exploiting hosts across three kingdoms of life in a pattern that features multiple interkingdom host shifts among plants, animals, and fungi. The tribe Ustilaginoideae potentially represents a third origin of plant pathogenesis, although these species remain understudied. Fungal pathogens that cause ergot are linked morphologically with Clavicipitaceae, but are not yet included in phylogenetic studies. The placement of Ustilaginoideae and ergot pathogens will allow differentiation between the host habitat and host relatedness hypotheses as mechanisms of phylogenetic diversification of Clavicipitaceae.</P>
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Phylogenetic classification of <i>Cordyceps</i> and the clavicipitaceous fungi
Sung, Gi-Ho,Hywel-Jones, Nigel L.,Sung, Jae-Mo,Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer,Shrestha, Bhushan,Spatafora, Joseph W. CBS PUBLICATIONS 2007 STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY Vol.- No.57
<P><I>Cordyceps</I>, comprising over 400 species, was historically classified in the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I>, based on cylindrical asci, thickened ascus apices and filiform ascospores, which often disarticulate into part-spores. <I>Cordyceps</I> was characterized by the production of well-developed often stipitate stromata and an ecology as a pathogen of arthropods and <I>Elaphomyces</I> with infrageneric classifications emphasizing arrangement of perithecia, ascospore morphology and host affiliation. To refine the classification of <I>Cordyceps</I> and the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I>, the phylogenetic relationships of 162 taxa were estimated based on analyses consisting of five to seven loci, including the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunits (<I>nrSSU</I> and <I>nrLSU</I>), the elongation factor 1α (<I>tef1</I>), the largest and the second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (<I>rpb1</I> and <I>rpb2</I>), β-tubulin (<I>tub</I>), and mitochondrial ATP6 (<I>atp6</I>). Our results strongly support the existence of three clavicipitaceous clades and reject the monophyly of both <I>Cordyceps</I> and <I>Clavicipitaceae</I>. Most diagnostic characters used in current classifications of <I>Cordyceps</I> (e.g., arrangement of perithecia, ascospore fragmentation, etc.) were not supported as being phylogenetically informative; the characters that were most consistent with the phylogeny were texture, pigmentation and morphology of stromata. Therefore, we revise the taxonomy of <I>Cordyceps</I> and the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I> to be consistent with the multi-gene phylogeny. The family <I>Cordycipitaceae</I> is validated based on the type of <I>Cordyceps</I>, <I>C. militaris,</I> and includes most <I>Cordyceps</I> species that possess brightly coloured, fleshy stromata. The new family <I>Ophiocordycipitaceae</I> is proposed based on <I>Ophiocordyceps</I> Petch, which we emend. The majority of species in this family produce darkly pigmented, tough to pliant stromata that often possess aperithecial apices. The new genus <I>Elaphocordyceps</I> is proposed for a subclade of the <I>Ophiocordycipitaceae</I>, which includes all species of <I>Cordyceps</I> that parasitize the fungal genus <I>Elaphomyces</I> and some closely related species that parasitize arthropods. The family <I>Clavicipitaceae</I><I>s. s.</I> is emended and includes the core clade of grass symbionts (e.g., <I>Balansia</I>, <I>Claviceps</I>, <I>Epichloë</I>, etc.), and the entomopathogenic genus <I>Hypocrella</I> and relatives. In addition, the new genus <I>Metacordyceps</I> is proposed for <I>Cordyceps</I> species that are closely related to the grass symbionts in the <I>Clavicipitaceae</I><I>s. s.</I><I>Metacordyceps</I> includes teleomorphs linked to <I>Metarhizium</I> and other closely related anamorphs. Two new species are described, and lists of accepted names for species in <I>Cordyceps</I>, <I>Elaphocordyceps</I>, <I>Metacordyceps</I> and <I>Ophiocordyceps</I> are provided.</P>
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