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Effects of Respiratory Muscle Activity in Stroke Patients after Feedback Breathing Exercise
Jong Man Han,Hyeon Ae Kim,Ja Pung Koo,Kyo Chul Seo 국제물리치료학회 2013 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.4 No.2
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of feedback breathing exercise on respiratory muscle activity. Thirty stroke patients were randomly and equally assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received rehabilitation exercise treatment for 30 minutes and feedback respiratory exercise for 30 minutes and the control group received rehabilitation exercise treatment for 30 minutes and conducted motomed exercise for 30 minutes. All of them conducted exercises five times per week for four weeks. Respiratory muscles including the upper trapezius(UT), longissimus dorsi(LD), rectus abdominis(RA), external abdominal oblique(EAO) and, internal abdominal oblique(IAO) were measured using MP 150WSW prior to and after the experiment. Regarding pulmonary functions prior to and after the experiment, the experimental group showed significant differences in all sections but the control group did not show significant differences in any sections. As for in-between group differences after the experiment, there were significant differences in the UT, LD, RA, and IAO but no significant differences in the EAO. In conclusion, respiratory muscle activity was more effective for the experimental group than the control group. It is considered that feedback respiratory exercise may induce improvement in respiratory muscles in stroke patients through feedback breathing exercise.
Assessment of Embryotoxicity of 2-Bromopropane in ICR Mice
Jong-Choon Kim,Dong-Ho Shin,Sung-Ho Kim,Ki-Seok Oh,Hyeon-Yeong Kim,Jeong-Doo Her,Cheng-Zhe Jiang,Moon-Koo Chung 한국독성학회 2003 Toxicological Research Vol.19 No.3
2-Bromopropane (2-BP), a halogenated propane analogue, is a substitute for chlorofluorocarbones (CFCs) which have a great potential to destroy the ozone layer and to warm the earth's environment. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential adverse effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 17 in ICR mice. The test chemical was administered subcutaneously to pregnant mice at dose levels of 0, 313, 625 or 1,250 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on GD 18 and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. In the 1,250 mg/kg group, maternal toxicity included an increase in the incidence of abnormal clinical signs and a decrease in the maternal body weight, body weight gain, and corrected body weight. Developmental toxicity included a decrease in the fetal body weight, a reduction in the placental weight, an increase in the fetal skeletal variation and ossification delay. There were no adverse effects on either pregnant dams or embryo-fetal development in the 313 and 625 mg/kg groups. These results suggest that a 12-day subcutaneous dose of 2-BP is embryotoxic at a maternally toxic dose (i.e., 1,250 mg/kg/day) in ICR mice. In the present experimental condition, the noobserved-adverse-effect level of 2-BP is considered to be 625 mg/kg/day for dams and embryofetuses, respectively.
Identification of molecular mechanism controlling P34 gene expression in soybean
Koo, Sung Cheol,Seo, Jun Su,Park, Min Jung,Cho, Hyun Min,Park, Mi Suk,Choi, Cheol Woo,Jung, Wook-Hun,Lee, Kyoung Hee,Jin, Byung Jun,Kim, Seok Hyeon,Shim, Sang In,Chung, Jung-Sung,Chung, Jong Il,Kim, M 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3
P34 has long been known as one of major allergenic proteins in soybean. Recently, two low-P34 soybean accessions, PI603570A and PI567476, were identified. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of a significant reduction of P34 protein level in PI567476, we performed comparative analysis of the P34 cDNAs and genomic sequences from low-P34 and normal soybean accessions. While no sequence variation was detected in P34 coding regions of the soybean accessions tested, the P34 gene from PI567476 contains 'ATGT' 4-bp insertion in front of the start codon. We also found the length polymorphism of 'TA' repeats in the P34 promoter regions among accessions. Northern and western blot analysis revealed that, even though mRNA levels of P34 are similar in low-P34 and normal soybean accessions, lower accumulation of P34 protein is only detected in the low-P34 accession, suggesting that the genetic polymorphisms in P34 promoters have a more significant effect on translation efficiency than transcription of the P34 gene. Transient expression analysis showed that the P34 promoter of PI567476 has significantly reduced activity compared to that of normal accession, cv. Clark. In addition, the chimeric promoter generated by introducing the 4-bp insertion in front of the start codon of the P34 gene from normal Clark accession showed markedly reduced activity. The results suggest that lower accumulation of P34 protein in low-P34 accession is largely due to the reduced translation efficiency caused by the 4-bp insertion in the P34 promoter, thus providing direct evidence for the molecular mechanism to explain the regulation of P34 gene expression in various soybean accessions.
Jong-Sun Kim,Woo-Jin Choi,Il-Kook Park,Kyo-Soung Koo,Hui-Beom Kang,Oh-Sung Kwon,Seung-Hyeon Lee,Hye-Ji Choi,Jung-Hyun Lee,Jin-Gu Lee,Dae-Sik Park 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.1
To know if small changes in rearing water temperature and density affect the number of bacterial and fungal colonies in metamorphosed frogs, Dybowski’s frog tadpoles were reared from Gosner 25-26 stages at either low (1°C low to ambient water temperature), ambient, or high (1°C high) water temperature (each 15 tadpoles in 20 L water) condition and at either low (10 tadpoles/20 L water), medium (20 tadpoles), or high (30 tadpoles) density condition. Immediately after metamorphosis, we sampled bacteria and fungi from skin, liver, and heart of six metamorphosed frogs, randomly selected for each treatment group. After separate incubation of bacteria and fungi on 3M Petrifilm plates, we counted the number of bacterial and fungal colonies appeared on the plates and compared the numbers among the temperature and density treatment groups. For temperature treatment, high-temperature group had fewer bacterial colonies, while low-temperature group had more fungal colonies than the other two groups. For density treatment, low-density group had fewer bacterial colonies than the other two groups, but the number of fungal colonies were not different among the groups. Our results suggest that small increased rearing water temperature and lowered rearing density could potentially reduce pathogens in farming frogs.