Development of a Forest Fire Detection System Using a Drone-based Convolutional Neural Network Model

Jihee Lee(Jihee Lee),Keesin Jeong(Keesin Jeong),Haiyoung Jung(Haiyoung Jung) 한국화재소방학회 2023 International Journal of Fire Science and Engineer Vol.37 No.2

Considering forest fires cause environmental destruction, ecosystem collapse, and severe damage to human lives and nature, developing a real-time, accurate, and stable forest fire detection system has become a critical issue in modern society. In this study, a drone-based forest fire detection system was developed using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Real-time forest fire detection models were developed using the CNN-based MobileNet algorithm, and their fire detection performance was evaluated. The main research results indicated that errors decreased and accuracy tended to increase during the model training and validation process as training progressed. Moreover, the V1 model exhibited the highest validation accuracy of 0.9466 among the MobileNet V1, V2, and V3 models and showed the highest accuracy of 0.9667 in evaluating the new test dataset during the model evaluation process.

Risk Assessment of PFOS Exposure to Human Reproductive toxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Se-A Lee(Se-A Lee),Jihee Choi(Jihee Choi),Hae-Jeung Lee(Hae-Jeung Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2022 No.5

Dynamic Patterns of PTK7 Protein Expression in Adult Mouse Tissues

( Jihee Kim ),( Ho Yoon ),( Song Ee Lee ),( Won Suk Kang ),( Ik Soo Jeon ),( Da Jeong Chang ),( Nayeon Lee ),( Taesun Hwang ),( Won Sik Shin ),( Han Woong Lee ),( Seung Taek Lee ),( Ji Hwan Song ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2008 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.5 No.4

PTK7 belongs to a subgroup of receptor protein tyrosine kinases with inactive catalytic activity of the protein tyrosine kinase(PTK), which is known to be important for signal attenuation, cell adhesion, and regulation of planar cell polarity. In this study, to decipher possible biological roles of PTK7, we examined the tissue distribution and localization of PTK7 protein in adult mouse tissues. PTK7-positive signals were detected in variety of tissues and cells in multiple systems, including respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, as well as liver and pancreas. These expression profiling data imply various physiological roles of PTK7 in multiple organ systems. Interestingly, among various tissues examined, no specific signal was detected in the heart and muscles. Taken together, dynamic patterns of protein expression in adult tissues strongly suggest PTK7 may play important roles during organogenesis and histogenesis.

A 48 μW, 8.88 mW/W Batteryless Wirelessly Power Transferred Body Channel Communication Identification System

Jihee Lee,Yongsu Lee,Hyunwoo Cho,Hoi-Jun Yoo 대한전자공학회 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.6

A BCC identification (BCC ID) which is fully compatible with previous radio frequency identification (RFID) is newly proposed with verifying wireless BCC power transfer by off-the-shelf board. The off-the-shelf board shows possibility of BCC power transfer by turning LED on with transferring RF wave wirelessly with 15 cm distance. The BCC ID is composed of a reader and a tag. The reader transmits RF wave for power generating and receives identification code and authorizes. The tag transmits energy and transfers identification code. The power transmitter in the BCC identification tag increases power conversion efficiency (PCE) by up to 12% by adaptively changing number of rectifier stages depending on input power. In addition, a transformer reusing phase shift keying (PSK) modulation is proposed to inform the reader of completion of power transferring of the tag by changing load impedance. As a result, a 48 μW, 8.88 mW/W Figure-of-Merit (FoM) BCC identification system is implemented. This system can generate sufficient power in the tag with lower transmitted power from the reader compared to previous RFID.

Sticker-Type Hybrid Photoplethysmogram Monitoring System Integrating CMOS IC With Organic Optical Sensors

Lee, Yongsu,Lee, Hyeonwoo,Jang, Jaeeun,Lee, Jihee,Kim, Minseo,Lee, Jaehyuk,Kim, Hyunki,Yoo, Seunghyup,Yoo, Hoi-Jun IEEE 2017 IEEE journal on emerging and selected topics in ci Vol.7 No.1

<P>A sticker-type system with hybrid integration of CMOS IC and organic optical sensors is proposed to monitor photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. To solve problems with the previous solely organic sensor-based works, CMOS IC is implemented in 180 nm technology under 5 V/1.5 V dual power supply. The silver-wire printed planar-fashionable circuit board (P-FCB) is used to connect the CMOS IC with organic sensors. The proposed hybrid system has the five following key features: 1) Power-efficient structure of organic sensor; 2) Integrated analog front-end and digital processor; 3) Degradation compensation scheme; 4) Large parasitic elements optimized design; and 5) Motion artifact rejection scheme. The stickertype PPG monitoring system has mass of only 2g, including the batteries, and consumes only 233 mu W to operate. The PPG signal could be acquired from various body parts (finger, wrist, and neck). The peripheral oxygen saturation level (SpO(2)) extraction results are verified by comparison with a commercial sensor device.</P>

A Study of Emotional Bonding in Virtual Community

Jihee Lee,Jaehwan Lee 한국디자인지식학회 2007 한국디자인지식학회 Conference Vol.2007 No.8

The reason the appearance of Internet is regarded as a milestone is because we can share information globally in a mutual way. The important thing at this point is which contents we choose for ourselves. The Internet could be meaningless unless we use it in a certain way, which ultimately means that the Internet has to deliver something valuable to us humans. Therefore, we have looked at how we can deliver and share humanity and emotion through the Internet, also how we can instill vital power into our real life, through the internet. Fortunately, the current study must essentially be ongoing due to its nature with perhaps a multidisciplinary them brainstorming ideas. The reason for that is that not only could we find new business models for companies, but also find out new ways to appease the human mind in the modern age.

Regulation and Mechanisms for NF-ĸB Activation in Silica-Stimulated Macrophages

Lee, Jihee,Pack, In Soon,Lee, Hui Su,Hong, Soo Bin 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2000 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.2

Nucelar factor(NF)-ĸB is a multiprotein complex that may regulate a variety of inflammatory cytokines involved in the initiation and progression of silicosis. We have previously reported that the involvement of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and phosphorylation event mediated by tyrosine kinase in silica-induced NF-ĸB activation. In the present study, we investigated, first, the role of nitric oxide as one particular free radical and protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTPase) in the silica-induced signaling pathway leading to NF-kB activation. Secondly, direct mechanisms for NF-kB activation III silica-stimulated macrophages were studied. Treatment of mouse macrophages(RAW264.7 cells) with a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), L-N^(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine(L-NIL), or Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester(L-NAME), resulted In inhibition of silica-induced NF-ĸB activation as well as nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, NO generating compounds, such as sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine(SIN-1), caused a dose-dependent increase in NF-ĸB activation which was positively correlated with the level of NO production. Specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase, such as genistein and AG494, prevented NF-ĸB activation in SNP-or SIN-1 treated cells, suggesting involvement of tyrosine kinase in the NO signaling pathway leading to NF-ĸB activation. The results suggest that NF-kB activation in macrophages induced by silica is partially up-regulated by nitric oxide produced by macrophages. Treatment of macrophages with a powerful PTPase inhibitor, pervanadate, markedly potentiated silica-induced NF-ĸB activation. A specific inhibitor of protein kinase, genistein, prevented NF-ĸB activation induced by pervanadate in the presence of silica. A variety of antioxidants, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), N-acetyl cysteine(NAC), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited NF-ĸB activation induced by both of pervanadate and silica. Furthermore, pervanadate markedly enhanced silica-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Treatment of N-acetyl cysteine abolished the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in cells stimulated with both of silica and pervanadate. The results suggest that PTPase may play a crucial role in the negative regulation of the silica-signaling pathway leading to NF-ĸB activation in macrophages and ROS be involved in down stream signaling between PTPase inhibition and NF-ĸB activation. We report an alternative mechanism of NF-ĸB activation. Stimulation of macrophages with silica led to NF-ĸB activation through tyrosine phosphorylation without serine phosphorylation but not degradation of IĸB-α. Specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase, such as genistein and tyrophostin AG126, and antioxidants, such as NAC and SOD, prevented IĸB-α tyrosine phosphorylation in response to silica. Moreover, inhibition of proteasome proteolytic activity did not affect NF-ĸB activation by silica. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IĸB-α represents a proteolysis-independent mechanism of NF-kB activation that directly couples NF-ĸB to cellular tyrosine kinase.

SILICA-INDUCED NUCLEAR FACTOR-ĸB ACTIVATION : INVOLVEMENT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE ACTIVATION

Lee, Jihee,Go, Young-Hyun,Kim, Joo-Hyun 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 1999 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.1

Nuclear Factor-ĸB(NF-ĸB) is a multiprotein complex that may regulate a variety of inflammatory cytokines involved in the initiation and progression of silicosis. The present study documents the ability of in vitro silica exposure to induce DNA-binding activity of NF-ĸB in mouse macrophages(RAW264.7 cells) and investigates the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and/or protein tyrosine kinase in this activation. In vitro exposure of mouse macrophages to silica(100㎍/㎖) resulted in a 2-fold increase in ROS production, measured as the generation of chemiluminescence(CL), and caused activation of NF-ĸB. Silica-induced CL was inhibited 100% by superoxide dismutase(SOD) and 75% by catalase, while NF-ĸB activation was inhibited by a variety of antioxidants(Catalase, SOD, sodium formate, α-tocopherol, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate). Further evidence of the involvement of ROS in NF-ĸB activation is that 1 mM H₂O₂ enhanced NF-ĸB/DNA binding and that this activation was inhibited by catalase. Specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase, such as herbimycin A, genistein and AG-494, prevented NF-ĸB activation in silica-treated cells. Genistein and AG-494 also prevented NF-ĸB activation in H₂O₂-treated cells. In contrast, inhibitiors of protein kinase A or C, such as H89, staurosporin, calphostin C, chelerythrine, and H7 had no inhibitory effect on this response. The results suggest that ROS play a role in silica-induced NF-ĸB activation in macrophages and that phosphorylation events mediated by tyrosine kinase may be involved in this activation.

Src tyrosine kinases mediate activations of NF-kappaB and integrin signal during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Lee, Hui S,Moon, Changsuk,Lee, Hye W,Park, Eun-Mi,Cho, Min-Sun,Kang, Jihee L American Association of Immunologists 2007 Journal of Immunology Vol.179 No.10

<P>Src tyrosine kinases (TKs) are signaling proteins involved in cell signaling pathways toward cytoskeletal, membrane and nuclear targets. In the present study, using a selective Src TK inhibitor, PP1, we investigated the roles of Src TKs in the key pulmonary responses, NF-kappaB activation, and integrin signaling during acute lung injury in BALB/C mice intratracheally treated with LPS. LPS resulted in c-Src phosphorylation in lung tissue and the phospho-c-Src was predominantly localized in recruited neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. PP1 inhibited LPS-induced increases in total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, neutrophil recruitment, and increases in the production or activity of TNF-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-9. PP1 also blocked LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation, and phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB-alpha. The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by PP1 correlated with a depression of LPS-induced integrin signaling, which included increases in the phosphorylations of integrin beta(3), and of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family members, FAK and Pyk2, in lung tissue, and reductions in the fibrinogen-binding activity of alveolar macrophages. Moreover, treatment with anti-alpha(v), anti-beta(3), or Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. Taken together, our findings suggest that Src TKs play a critical role in LPS-induced activations of NF-kappaB and integrin (alpha(v)beta(3)) signaling during acute lung injury. Therefore, Src TK inhibition may provide a potential means of ameliorating inflammatory cascade-associated lung injury.</P>

Silica Complexed with Fe^3+ Does not Influence Pulmonary Inflammation and Injury

Lee, Jihee,Suh, Woul,Han, Eunleung 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 2000 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.23 No.3

배경 : 유리규산(silica)에 결합되어있는 표면 철이 Fenton reaction에 의하여 유리규산으로 인한 폐 반응을 증폭시킬 수 있다는 가설을 입증하고자 연구하였다. 방법 : 생리식염수, silica-H^+, 또는 silica-Fe^3+를 기관내 투여한 4시간 후에 폐손상 정도와 호중구의 폐포내 유입을 기관지폐포세척액에서 단백질양과 호중구수를 측정하여 평가하였고, 폐포대식세포 배양액에서 nitric oxide 생성을 nitrate assay로 측정하였다. 또한 silica-H^+, 또는 silica-Fe^3+를 폐포대식세포에 생체외로 투여한 후 활성산소종 생성을 chemiluminescence assay로 측정하였다. 결과 : Silica-H^+, 또는 silica-Fe^3+ 생체내 투여 군은 생리식염수 투여군에 비하여 폐손상과 호중구의 폐포내 유입, 폐포대식세포에 의한 NO 생성이 의미있게 증가되었으나, silica-H^+, 또는 silica-Fe^3+ 투여군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 silica-H^+, 또는 silica-Fe^3+를 폐포대식세포에 생체외로 투여한 경우 활성산소종의 생성은 의미있게 증가되었으나, 이들 silica투여군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : Fe^3+가 결합된 유리규산은 생체내 또는 외 투여로 인한 폐 손상 및 염증 반응에 영향을 끼치지 않는다.