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The Structural Adaptation of Aerial Parts of Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides to Water Regime
Yong Tao,Fang Chen,Kaiyuan Wan,Xinwei Li,Jianqiang Li 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.5
Alternanthera philoxeroides has successfully invaded diverse habitats with considerably various water availability, threatening biological diversity in many parts of the world. Because its genetic variation is very low, phenotypic plasticity is believed to be the primary strategy for adapting to the diverse habitats. In the present paper, we investigated the plastic changes of anatomical traits of the aerial parts of A. philoxeroides from flooding to wet then to drought habitat; the results are as follows: A. philoxeroides could change anatomical structures sensitively to adapt to water regime. As a whole, effects of water regime on structures in stem were greater than those in leaf. Except for principal vein diameter and stoma density on leaf surfaces, all other structural traits were significantly affected by water regime. Among which, cuticular wax layer, collenchyma cell wall, phloem fiber cell wall, and hair density on both leaf surfaces thickened significantly with decrease of water availability, whereas, pith cavity and vessel lumen in stem lessened significantly; wet habitat is vital for the spread of A. philoxeroides from flooding to drought habitat and vice versa, because in this habitat, it had the greatest structural variations; when switching from flooding to wet then to drought habitat, the variations of cuticular wax layer, collenchyma cell wall, phloem fiber cell wall, pith cavity area ratio, diameter of vessel lumen, and hair density on both leaf surfaces, played the most important role. These responsive variables contribute most to the adaptation of A. philoxeroides to diverse habitats with considerably various water availability.
Leiting Sun,Jianqiang Tao,Chunfa Li,Shengkai Wang,Ziqiang Tong 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.9
The purpose of this paper is to optimize the signal timing through multi-agent simulation technology. Firstly, a conceptual model of the actual intersection is described. Secondly, the social dynamics model of the vehicle and pedestrian evolution rules are established from the micro perspective, which is simulated respectively by Anylogic and Synchro on this basis. Finally, the signal timing strategies for the different vehicle priorities are discovered through the heuristic algorithm. The case study shows that: ①The actual signal timing is not reasonable. ②The optimization strategies of signal timing can improve traffic efficiency. ③By comparing the signal timing strategies of different vehicle priority, the study shows that the Anylogic is more superior to the Synchro, which provides a new way to solve the traffic congestion.
Zhang Bin,Gao Pengcheng,Xu Tao,Gui Miao,Shan Jianqiang 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.7
The Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) is a new concept of fuel, which can not only withstand the consequences of the accident for a longer time, but also maintain or improve the performance under operating conditions. ISAA is a self-developed severe accident analysis code, which uses modular structures to simulate the development processes of severe accidents in nuclear plants. The basic version of ISAA is developed based on UO2eZr fuel. To study the potential safety gain of ATF cladding, an improved version of ISAA, referred to as ISAA-ATF, is introduced to analyze the station blackout accident of PWR using ATF cladding. The results show that ATF cladding enable the core to maintain a longer time compared to zirconium alloy cladding, thereby enhancing the accident mitigation capability. Meanwhile, the generation of hydrogen is significantly reduced and delayed, which proves that ATF can improve the safety characteristics of the nuclear reactor.