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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Jeffrey J. DiGiovanni (검색결과 2 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
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Attention-Controlled Working Memory Measures to Assess Listening Effort
Jeffrey J. DiGiovanni,Travis L. Riffle,Naveen K. Nagaraj 한국언어재활사협회 2017 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.2 No.2
Purpose: To assess working memory (WM) performance using novel tasks that included controlled-attention functions of updating of information, selective attention, task monitoring, and multiple task coordination as well as relating performance to perceived listening effort. Methods: Sixteen adults with normal hearing participated in two tasks:1) the attention switching (AS) task that required participants to categorize digits rapidly and recall totals of each category and 2) the working memory span task (WMST) that involved storing and recalling digits while performing a secondary sentence verification task. Each experiment was conducted in quiet and in multi-talker babble. Results: In the AS task, performance was worse when noise was added and when digit categories changed. In the WMST, digit recall accuracy was worse in noise, but reaction times (RTs) were not affected. Conclusions: The results of this experiment show that accuracy and RT performance on auditory cognitive tasks generally worsens in background noise, even when intelligibility remains high. This suggests that background noise increases WM load and the decline in performance can be interpreted as an increase in listening effort. The specific integration of attentional control in these tasks, especially the AS task, may 1) have increased the sensitivity over traditional WM tasks and 2) allow for the ability to differentiate between peripheral and central mechanisms.
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Auditory Stroop Using Spatial Stimuli
Jeffrey J. DiGiovanni,Travis L. Riffle,John W. McCarthy 한국언어재활사협회 2017 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.2 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of spatial auditory stimuli when the semantic meaning of the spoken word is incongruent with the location of the sound. Based on previous auditory Stroop research we predict that individuals will respond to incongruent stimuli with reduced accuracy and prolonged reaction times. Methods: Twenty students between the ages of 18–30 were presented with a word indicating a direction that included location cues representing the same or different direction. Stimuli were presented in the horizontal plane (i.e., left, center, right) and in the vertical plane (i.e., up, center, down). Participants were instructed to answer verbally the direction of the sound source rather than the direction the spoken word indicated. Accuracy and reaction times were analyzed in both planes. Results: Generally, for stimuli in the horizontal plane, accuracy was high and reaction times were low, regardless of congruency. However, there was a significantly higher frequency of errors in vertical-congruent conditions than in horizontal conditions. The frequency of vertical-incongruent errors was higher still. The pattern of reaction time results matched the accuracy results. Conclusions: Despite the simulated source angle being well above the minimal audible angle in both planes, the results suggest a lower salience in the vertical domain. If seeking to develop a multi-dimensional auditory map for sound selection, the horizontal plane is most likely to result in the clearest representations of sound-source location.
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