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대형 화재로 인한 사상자의 손상 유형과 합병증 : 동인천 라이브호프 화재를 중심으로
신중호,김재광,염석란,신종환,민순식,임용수,양혁준,이근,황성연 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Background: High risks of fire alway exist for buildings in urban areas, especially those in downtown. Crowds, as well as more complex and larger structures, may cause more victims in the event of fire; therefore, emergency medical service plans must be established for such disastrous events. Methods: On the evening of October 30,1999, a fire broke out in downtown, Dong-Incheon Live-Hof restaurant; 56 people were killed and 76 were injured. Most of them were teenagers. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the victims, Results: 1) Among the 56 dead, 54 died from smoke inhalation, one from extensive burns, and one from sepsis during treatment. 2) Among the 76 injured, 70 patients suffered from smoke inhalation, 53 from burns, and 9 from several types of trauma (sprains, contusions, lacerations, abrasions, fractures, etc.). 3) Later complications were laryngeal edema, pulmonary edema, scar contracture, and hypoxic brain damage, and so forth. 4) Post traumatic stress syndrome was unexpectedly more prevalent in mildly to moderately injured survivors and witnesses than in seriously injured survivors. Conclusion: Many complications exist after a fire. Some may be resolved in time, but others may result in permanent sequelae. Early rescue, early triage, and early management during transport by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel can result in fewer complications and a lower mortality rate. Therefore, we propose the establishment of plans to be followed during various major disasters.
상관결과의 왜곡 방지를 위한 재양자화 방법에 관한 연구
Yeom, Jae-Hwan,Oh, Se-Jin,Roh, Duk-Gyoo,Oh, Chung-Sik,Jung, Jin-Seung,Chung, Dong-Kyu,Oyama, Tomoaki,Kawaguchi, Noriyuki,Kobayashi, Hideyuki,Kawakami, Kazuyuki,Onuki, Hirofumi,Ozeki, Kensuke 한국천문학회 2012 天文學論叢 Vol.27 No.5
In this paper, we propose a new re-quantization method after FFT processing to prevent the distortion of correlation result of VCS (VLBI Correlation Subsystem). The re-quantization is used to rearrange the data bit so as to reduce the data rate processed as 16-bit of FFT result of VCS. Having done this procedure, we found that the distorted spectrum of correlation result occurred in the delay tracking experiments by the re-quantization method introduced for initial design of VCS. In order to solve this, two kinds of re-quantization method, that is, the comparison and selection-type, are proposed. The first is to re-quantize the FFT result as a valid-bit by comparing with the input data after determining the adequate threshold. The second is manually to select the valid-bit of FFT result after finding the valid-field of data according to the bit-distribution of input data. We confirmed that the second is more effective compared with the first through the experimental result, and it will be implemented without so much modification of applied method in the condition of the limited resource of FPGA. The re-quantization is, however, carried out with 4-bit in the proposed second method for FFT result, and then the distortion of correlation result is also appeared. To fix this problem, the bit for re-quantization is extended to 8-bit. The proposed 8-bit selection-type is effectively verified so that the distortion of correlation result disappeared by applying to VCS in consequence of the simulation and correlation experiments.
Cho, Jae Hwan,Lee, Jae Hyup,Yeom, Jin Sup,Chang, Bong-Soon,Yang, Jae Jun,Koo, Ki Hyoung,Hwang, Chang Ju,Lee, Kwang Bok,Kim, Ho-Joong,Lee, Choon-Ki,Kim, Hyoungmin,Suk, Kyung-Soo,Nam, Woo Dong,Han, Jumi Elsevier 2017 SPINE JOURNAL Vol.17 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background Context</B></P> <P>The efficacy and safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) as a bone graft substitute in spinal fusion has been widely researched. However, no study of the efficacy and safety of <I>Escherichia coli</I>-derived rhBMP-2 (E.BMP-2) with a hydroxyapatite (HA) carrier has been proposed.</P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of fusion materials between E.BMP-2 and autogenous iliac bone graft in posterolateral fusion (PLF).</P> <P><B>Study Design/Setting</B></P> <P>An open, active-controlled, randomized, multicenter trial was carried out.</P> <P><B>Patient Sample</B></P> <P>This study included 93 patients who underwent single-level lumbar or lumbosacral PLF.</P> <P><B>Outcome Measures</B></P> <P>The primary outcome measure was computed tomography (CT)-based fusion rate at 12 and 24 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were fusion grade by radiographs and CT at 12 and 24 weeks and changes in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and visual analogue scale (VAS).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Patients who underwent 1-level PLF (between L1 and S1) for severe spinal stenosis or grade 1 spondylolisthesis were randomized to receive E.BMP-2 with an HA carrier (E.BMP-2 group) or autogenous iliac bone graft (AIBG group). Thin-section CT (<2 mm), VAS, ODI, and SF-36 were obtained pre- and postoperatively at 12 and 24 weeks. Outcome measures were compared between the groups.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this trial. Among them, 93 patients underwent planned surgery. Preoperative demographic and clinical data showed no difference between groups. CT-based fusion rates were 100.0% (41/41) for the E.BMP-2 group and 90.2% (46/51) for the AIBG group (p=.062) at 12 weeks and 100.0% (41/41) and 94.1% (48/51) (p=.251) at 24 weeks, respectively. Fusion grade based on radiographs and CT showed non-inferiority of the E.BMP-2 group compared with the AIBG group. All clinical parameters improved postoperatively. However, there was no difference in changes in VAS, ODI, or SF-36 between the groups. No serious adverse event related to E.BMP-2 was found.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The fusion rate of E.BMP-2 was comparable with that of AIBG following PLF. Good clinical efficacy and safety of E.BMP-2 in spinal fusion were also revealed. It was also suggested that HA shows suitability as a carrier for E.BMP-2. Thus, E.BMP-2 with an HA carrier can be an alternative bone graft material in spinal fusion.</P>
Bone Loss Preventing Effect of Sophorae Fructus On Ovariectomized Rats
Jae Geul Shim,Seung Hwan Yeom,Hyun Jung Kim,최영욱,이도익,송계용,Suk Hyung Kwon,이민원 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.1
The preventive effects of Sophorae Fructus extracts (I: hot water extract and II: combination product using I) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated. Sophorae Fructus extracts were orally administrated to OVX rats for 9 weeks. Ovariectomy caused the increase of body weight and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd: bone resorption marker) and decrease of calcium (Ca: bone formation marker) level in serum. Dpd level were significantly decreased and Ca levels were elevated at 9 weeks in Sophorae Fructus extracts administered groups after ovariectomy at a dose of 0.556 g/kg/day compared with control group. In administered groups, trabecular bone area (TBA) in the tibia and lumbar were also increased compared with control group in histomorphological analysis. The preventive or treatment effects of Sophorae Fructus extracts on bone loss in OVX rats appears to be due to suppression of bone turnover.
Inter-Sector Beamforming with MMSE Receiver in the Downlink of TDD Cellular Systems
Yeom, Jae-Heung,Lee, Yong-Hwan The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2008 Journal of communications and networks Vol.10 No.2
The use of beamforming is effective for users in limited power environments. However, when it is applied to the downlink of a cellular system with universal frequency reuse, users near the sector boundary may experience significant interference from more than one sector. The use of a minimum mean square error (MMSE)-type receiver may not sufficiently cancel out the interference unless a sufficient number of receive antennas are used. In this paper, we consider the use of inter-sector beamforming that cooperates with a neighboring sector in the same cell to mitigate this interference problem in time-division duplex (TDD) environments. The proposed scheme can avoid interference from an adjacent sector in the same cell, while enhancing the transmit array gain by using the TDD reciprocity. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise power ratio (SINR) and the output capacity when applied to an MMSE-type receiver. The beamforming mode can be analytically switched between the inter-sector and the single-sector mode based on the long-term channel information. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by computer simulation.
Common Grounds as Multiple Information States
( Jae Il Yeom ),( Ik Hwan Lee ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 국제 워크샵 Vol.1998 No.-
The main goal of this paper is to show how to derive a common ground. In order to do this, first we need to know what a common ground should be like. In traditional dynamic semantics, a common ground is given as a single information state which is shared by the people in the context. In this paper I am going to show that a common ground must include more than one information state, and that this is necessary to deal with conversational implicatures, which require distinction between speakers and audience. In this sense, the new common ground will be the basis for a conversational model of dynamic semantics. The traditional dynamic semantics is not appropriate for conversations, but rather a model for text processing.