全北 403號의 燃料節減을 위한 主機關 回轉數와 Propeller Pitch 角의 組合에 관한 硏究

林載根 군산대학교 1986 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.3

For minimizing the fuel oil consumption at sea, I made researches in the combination between main engine RPM and the propeller pitch angle for the training ship of M.S. Jeon Buk 403. To examine the problem, the propeller pitch angle was changed from 16˚ to 21˚, and the in engine RPM was changed in 650, 700, 750, 800 and 850 RPM. The results are as follows. 1. The specific fuel oil consumption (kg/h.m.) is the smallest value on the occasion of 650 RPM and the propeller pitch angle 16˚. 2. It is efficient that the engine is operated at propeller pitch angle 16˚ in 650∼840 RPM and at 17˚ in 840∼850 RPM. 3. It is estimated that the exhaust gas temperature is reached above its dangerous level when the pitch angle is 21˚ or greater above 850 RPM.

BOILER DRAIN TANK의 液面取水裝置에 關한 考察

林載根 군산대학교 1981 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.15 No.3

The countermeasures for energy saving in the boiler have been studied in the various fields and we have saved the more energy by using the recovered drains from circulation. Now, using the Float Suction in the drain tank. the more energy has been saved. I have studied about the merits to obtain by using the Float Suction in the drain tank and then the results are as follows. 1.The fuel has been saved by feeding to boiler with the more hot water. (Rising in temperature 10℃ of feed water the specific fuel consumption has been reduced to 1.38%) 2.The amount of oxygen melted in the feed water in proportion to the rising of feed water temperature has been reduced, therefore, the corrosion of boiler decreased by using the more hot feed water. 3.The immoderate stress against the boiler body has been decreased by reducing the difference of temperature between the feed water and the boiler water.

舶用 Diesel 機關과 蒸汽 Turbine 機關과의 經濟性 比較

林載根 군산대학교 1982 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.3

Up to now gas oil and Bunker A of good quality have been used for the fuel oil of fisheries engine. But as the quantity of buried petroleum is set limits, the oil price is raised and light oil is restrained. So imferior crude oil is imported and according to the increase of spending light fraction, the heavy oil is getting poor grade because much light fraction being put out. And so the quantity of heavy oil got from crude oil now decreased to 15% from 45%, on the contrary viscosity and specific gravity of the oil is raised, and sulpher, asphalt, B,S,W and sludge being enriched heavy oil has been and only for low speed multi-diesel engine because it is difficult for the tranfer, purify, injection and combustion. But in the furture as the specification of fuel oil is greatly getting low residual oil can not be used for fisheries engine. I here confirm that blend oil can be used in summer by the experiment of blend oil (D1, D2, D3) for high speed diesel engine. The result is as follows. 1.in case that recidual quality is great, the range of the use of r.p.m is narrowed and low speed operation is difficult. 2.According as recidual quality is greater at the same number of rotation fuel consumption is increased, but fuel cost is saved at above 900 r.p.m which comes under 1/8 load. 3.Combustion pressure is showed high by after burning owing to the combustion obstacle of recidual quantity. 4.Exhaust temperature is increased to 9℃ in D1, 13℃ in D2, 23℃ in D3 and cooling water temperature is decreased to 2.7℃ D1, 2.9℃ in D2 and D3.

Possibility of Application of Artificial Insemination Buffer (AIB) for Increasing of Production Efficiency of Female Cow Offspring

Jae‐Il Bang,A‐Na Ha,A‐Ra Cho,Kyeong‐Lim Lee,MD. Fakruzzaman,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

The present research was carried out to evaluate the possibility of female offspring production using artificial insemination buffer (AIB) before artificial insemination (AI). To do it, we carried out the optimization of AIB, making of AIB gun and analysis of affecting AI rate after AIB treatment. AIB made with the base of Tris‐buffer supplemented with L‐arginine and several materials that could be reduced the motility of male sperm compared with female one. This mean that female sperm could be increased the possibility of fertilization with ovum compared with male one. AIB must be deposited into 2nd to 4th cervix by the guide of AIB gun. After 15 min of AIB insertion, frozen semen was deposited into same place after. Total 352 cattle were inseminated with AIB insemination and was not significant difference between AIB and traditional AI rate (56.8 vs. 55.7%). However, AIB AI rate was significantly differs among 12 different farms. The parturition number of cows did not effect on AIB AI rate among 1st to 7th parturition number of cows. The proportion of AIB AI success rates in hanwoo cows was significantly higher than in dairy cows (61.0% vs. 48.7%), but the average AI success rate was not different between AIB and conventional AI (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The female offspring production rate in 2nd to 4th cervix deposition place was significantly higher than in uterus body (77.7% vs. 59.6%, p<0.05). The injection volume of AIB in 5 and 10 ml was significantly higher than in 2 ml (77.7, 78.7 vs. 51.8%, p<0.05), but not different between 5 and 10 ml ABI volume. The best exposure time of AIB in the cervix was 10 and 15 min rather than that of 5 min (79.2%, 77.2% vs. 63.2%, p< 0.05), and so AIB have to expose at least 10 min to get higher female offspring. In conclusion, AIB could be used in AI industry to produce female offspring and also AIB AI can be increased the AI success rate compared with traditional AI rate.

舶用 內然機關에 使用하는 國産 Piston Ring 材質에 關하여

林載根 군산대학교 1980 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.3

Recently, the necessary of machinery have been made a large progress in its quality by the fruits of our engineer's skill and the introduction of the technical knowledge of advanced nations. Now, most of the piston ring for marine internal combustion engine have been made in our country, too. In this paper, I have analysed the chemical composition of the piston rings made of grey cast iron and tested the mechanical properties of them, and then the results are as follows. 1) C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr are showed as common elements in the chemical composition of the piston compression rings made of grey cast iron. 2) It is a distinction that Korean products are added by V, Mo, Ni, B, etc. and the product of NPR (Nippon piston ring co.) is added by Cu. except the above common elements. 3) In the mechanical properties. Korean products (HRB 97-100) are some higher than that of NPR(HRB 96) in the hardness, and the tension is similar between the Korean products (9.1 - 9.5 kgf) and that of NPR (9.3 kgf), and the product of NPR slow a smallest ratio (9.5%) and that of J co. show a largest ratio (11.2%) in the declining ratio of tension, also they are all reasonable value in the Korean industrial standard.

燃料節減을 위한 主機關 回轉數와 Propeller Pitch角의 組合에 관한 硏究

林載根 군산대학교 1985 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.3

For minimizing the fuel oil consumption at sea, I made reserches in the combination between the main engine RPM and the propeller pitch angle for the training ship of M.S. Jeon Buk 401. To examine the problem, the propeller pitch angle was changed from 15˚ to 18˚, and the main engine RPM was changed in 600, 625, 650, 675 and 700 RPM. The results are as follows. 1.The specific fuel oil consumption (kg/h.m.) is the smallest value on the occasion of 600 RPM and the propeller pitch angle 17˚. 2.It is efficient that the engine is operated at propeller pitch angle 17˚ in 600~662 RPM, at 16˚ in 663∼685 RPM, and at 15˚ in 686∼700 RPM. 3.When it is required to maintain constant ship-speed, the fuel oil consumption is always smaller at the combination of lower RPM and greater pitch angle than at the combination of higher RPM and smaller pitch angle. 4.It is estimated that the temperature of exhaust gas is reached above its dangerous level, when the pitch angle is 18˚ or greater above 700 RPM.

간세포암의 크기와 알파 피토프로틴의 연관성

임효순,정용연,김재규,윤웅,강형근,박진균 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.4

舶用 Diesel Engine의 燃料噴射 Pump Trouble에 關하여

林載根 군산대학교 1979 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.13 No.3

The fuel injection pump is very important part of diesel engine. It is necessary to understand the principles, characteristics and trouble causes of the fuel injection pump. In this paper I have here investigated about the various troubles, their causes, and the method of repairing the fuel injection pump in 50 ocean going vessels. The results are as follows. 1.The leakage of delivery valve was 47.7% and the wearing of plunger & barrel was 34.1% and they were most of troubles in Bosch type fuel injection pump. 2.The leakage of delivery valve, suction valve, and spill valve was 49.2% and wearing of plunger & barrel was 32.9%, also they were most of troubles in Spill valve type fuel injection pump. 3.In the above result, most of troubles in the fuel injection pump happened in the valves and plunger & barrel.

영역 특수적인 입장에서의 과학적 창의성에 대한 정의, 구성요인에 대한 탐색

임성만,양일호,임재근 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2009 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 창의성의 영역 특수적인 입장에서 과학적 창의성을 다룬 논문들을 내러티브 리뷰의 방법을 사용하여 탐색한 것이다. 창의성을 바라보는 2가지 입장 중에서 한 가지인 영역 특수적인 입장은 창의성에 대해 “그 아동이 얼마나 창의적인가?”라는 창의성의 일반적인 입장에서 “그 아동은 어느 영역에서 창의적인가”라는 영역 특수적인 접근방법으로 창의성을 바라보는 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 과학을 바라보았을 때, 과학적 창의성은 어떻게 정의될 수 있으며, 또 어떤 구성 요인들로 이루어졌는가를 탐색해 본 연구이다. 과학적 창의성 관련 논문들에 대한 리뷰를 통해 본 연구는 과학적 창의성은 과학적인 지식을 바탕으로 논리적이고 분석적인 사고를 통해 새롭고 적절한 것을 찾아내는 능력으로 정의할 수 있었으며, 과학적 창의성의 구성 요인은 정의적, 인지적, 환경적 요인으로 나눠 살펴본 결과, 영역 특수적인 관점에서 가장 두드러지게 차이를 보이는 과학적 창의성의 인지적 요인은 과학 관련 지식, 과학 탐구과정, 문제 발견력, 문제 해결력 등으로 구성되어짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 과학적 창의성에 대한 논의는 보다 과학적 창의성에 대한 실증적인 연구에 대한 좋은 길잡이가 될 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to identify a domain-specificity of the scientific creativity and the component of scientific creativity. Conducted from theoretical study, this study suggests that a domain-specific view of creativity offers a more useful and constructive components of scientific creativity based on the literature associated with the component of scientific creativity. Scientific creativity has a domain-specific component and so there is need to distinguish scientific creativity from creativity in general. As a result, scientific creativity is different from other creativity it is concerned with scientific knowledge, science process skill, creative scientific problem finding and solving and so on. And since scientific creativity is a kind of ability, it is possible to improve through a scientific creativity program.

乳牛의 血液性狀과 泌乳量에 關한 硏究

林貞澤,金宇權,李載洪,韓邦根 全南大學校農漁村開發硏究所 1982 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.17 No.2

國內에서 飼育되고 있는 Holstein種의 血液成分値 그리고 血液成分値와 泌乳量과의 相關關係등을 檢討할 目的으로 全南地域에서 飼育되고 있는 外觀上 健康하다고 認定된 Holstein種 870餘頭를 對象으로 血液成分値를 調査檢討 하였고 한편 産乳量을 調査하여 血液成分値와 産乳量과의 關係를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 平均 RBC數는 5.97(3.20~9.96)×10 6/㎕이었으나 成牝牛의 平均 RBC數는 6.06(3.20~9.74)×10 6/㎕이었으며 年齡別 平均 RBC數에서 1年牛가 5.19×l0 6/㎕로 特히 낮았다. 2. 平均 Hb量은 9.61(5.3-18.4)g/100ml 이었으나 成牝牛의 平均 Hb量은 9.42(5.3-18.4)g/100ml 이었으며 年齡別 平均 Hb量에서 2年牛가 8.97g/100ml로 特히 낮았다. 3. 平均 PCV値는 31.10(19~5)ml/100ml이었으며 成牝牛의 平均 PCV値는 31.04(19~55)ml/100ml 이었으며 年齡別 平均 PCV値에서 2年牛가 29.84ml/100ml로 가장 낮았다. 4. 平均 MCV値는 52.09(23.77~86.57) fl이었으나 成牝牛의 平均 MCV値는 51.22(29.77~86.57)fl 이었으며 1年未滿牛의 55.64fl 및 1年牛의 57.63fl 등 송아지에서 더 높았다. 5. 平均 MCH値는 16.10(8.21~28.96)pg 이었으며 成牝牛의 平均 MCH値는 15.54(8.21~28.96)pg 이었으며 1年未滿牛의 18.41pg 및 1年牛의 19.17pg 등 송아지에서 더 높았다. 6. 平均 MCHC値는 30.90(17.35~53.75)g/100ml 이었으나 成牝牛의 平均 MCHC値는 30.35(17.35~53.57)g/100ml 이었으며 1年未滿牛의 33.27g/100ml 등 송아지에서 더 높았다. 7. 貧血牛는 大部分이 大赤血球性이며 高血色素性이었으나 小赤血球性(MCV 37.15fl)이며 低血色素性(MCH 12.35pg)인 個體, 大赤血球性이며 低血色素性(MCHC 24.21g/100ml)인 個體 그리고 小赤血球性(MCV 35.71fl)이며 高血色素性(MCHC 40.83g/100ml)을 나타낸 個體도 發見되었다. 8. 平均 WBC數는 10.186(3,200~31,600)㎕ 이었고 成牝牛의 平均 WBC數는 10,408(3,200~31,600)㎕으로 어느 年齡層에서나 높은 値이었으나 2年牛가 12,647/㎕로 特히 높았다. 9. WBC鑑別計數의 平均値는 淋巴球가 66.95(36~91), 單核球가 3.08(0~12), 好中球가 25.69(2~54), 好酸球가 3.84(0~18) 그리고 好鹽基球가 0.44(0~5)%이었으나 成牝牛의 平均値는 淋巴球가 65.87(36~86), 單核球가 3.15(0~9), 好中球가 25.84(6~53), 好酸球가 4.73(0~15) 그리고 好鹽基球가 0.4(0~2)% 이었다. 10. 淋巴球는 1年牛를 頂点으로 年齡의 增加에 따라서 減少하고 있었으나 好中球는 1年牛가 가장 낮았으며 年齡의 增加에 따라서 增加하여 淋巴球와는 負의 相關關係를 나타냈고 單核球와 好酸球는 高齡牛에서 若干 높은 傾向이 있었다. 11. 平均血小板數는 252,429(93,000~964,000)/㎕이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血小板數는 245,658(110,000~570,000)/㎕이었으며 年齡別特徵은 認定할 수 없었다. 12. 平均血淸TP量은 6.88(4.10~10.20)g/100ml이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸TP量은 7.35(5.10~10.20)g/100ml이었으며 年齡의 增加에 따라서 점점 增加하는 傾向이 있었다. 13. 平均血淸Alb量은 3.43(2.00~4.40)g/100ml이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸Alb量은 3.51(2.00~4.40)g/100ml이었으며 1年未滿牛의 3.33g/100ml 및 1年牛의 3.31g/100ml등 송아지에서 若干 더 낮은 傾向이 있었으나 그 外는 거의 비슷하였다. 14. 平均血淸Glb量은 3.45(1.10~7.15)g/100ml이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸Glb量은 3.84(1.40~7.15)g/100ml이었으며 年齡의 增加에 따라서 점점 增加하는 傾向이 있었다. 15. 平均血淸A/G比는 0.99(0.40~3.33)이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸A/G比는 0.91(0.43~2.64)이었으며 年齡의 增加에 따라서 점점 減少하는 傾向이 있었다. 16. 平均血淸 cholesterol量은 145.65(44.0~336.0)mg/100ml이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸cholesterol量은 180.93(46.4~336.0)mg/100ml이었으며 年齡의 增加에 따라서 增加하여 4年牛를 頂点으로 다시 下向하는 傾向을 나타내고 있었다. 17. 平均血淸 glucose量은 46.00(27.0~96.0)mg/100ml이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸glucose量은 39.61(27.0~65.0)mg/100ml이었다. 血淸 glucose量은 全般的으로 낮은 値이었으나 年齡別 平均血淸glucose量에서 1年未滿牛가 58.07(39.7~96.0)mg/100ml로 가장 높았으며 特히 어린 송아지에서 높았다. 18. 平均血淸Mg量은 2.68(0.20~8.60)mg/100ml이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸Mg量은 2.72(0.20~8.46)mg/100ml이었으며 年齡別 平均血淸Mg量에서 7年以上牛가 2.27mg/100ml로 特히 낮았으며 老齡牛에서 Mg의 減少가 顯著하였다. 19. 平均血淸Ca量은 4.36(3.16~8.40)mEq/L이었고 成牝牛의 平均血淸Ca量도 4.37(3.16~8.40)mEq/L로 全般的으로 낮은 量이었으며 年齡別 特徵은 認定할 수 없었다. 20. 平均血淸P量은 6.27(3.10~9.78)mg/100ml이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸P量은 5.92(3.10~9.78)mg/100ml이었으며 年齡別 平均血淸P量에서 1年未滿牛가 7.50(4.70~9.40)mg/100ml로 特히 높았다. 21. 平均血淸Ca/P比는 1.39(0.68~2.64)이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸Ca/P比는1.48(0.68~2.64)로 全般的으로 낮은 値이었으며 年齡別 平均血淸Ca/P比에서 1年未滿牛가 1.21(0.83~1.93)로 가장 낮았다. 22. 平均血淸K量은 4.94(3.5~6.7)mEq/L이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸K量은4.84(3.5~6.2)mEq/L이었으며 年齡別 血淸K量에서 1年未滿牛가 5.22(4.0~6.7)mEq/L로 特히 높았으며 그外는 거의 비슷하였다. 23. 平均血淸Na量은 138.43(123~157)mEq/L이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸Na量은137.32(123~157)mEq/L이었으며 1年未滿牛의 139.74mEq/L 및 1年牛의 140.16mEq/L등 송아지에서 더 높았다. 24. 平均血淸Cl量은 99.96(84.6~123.0)mEq/L이었고 成牝牛의 平均血淸Cl量도 100.09(84.6~123.0)mEq/L로 年齡別差異点은 발견할수 없었다. 25. 平均血淸Na/K比는 28.02(21.49~37.14)이었으나 成牝牛의 平均血淸Na/K比에서 1年未滿牛가 26.77(21.49~35.00)로 特히 낮았다. 26. RBC數, Hb數, PCV値, MCH 및 MCHC는 모두 15~20kg群에서 第一 높았고 20~25kg群, 25kg以上 群으로 갈수록 낮아지는 傾向을 보였다. 卽 赤血球系 檢査値와 産乳量과는 負의 相關關係에 있는 것으로 보아진다. 27. WBC數와 産乳量과는 負의 相關關係가 있는 것으로 보아지며 血小板數와 産乳量과는 特別한 關係를 認定할 수 없었다. 28. WBC鑑別系數와 産乳量과의 相關에서는 淋巴球는 負의 相關關係에 있는 것으로 보아지며 好中球는 淋巴球와는 反對로 正의 相關關係에 있는 것으로 보아진다. 한편 單核球와 好酸球는 産乳量增加에 따라서 增加하는 傾向이 있었다. 29. 血淸TP量 및 血淸Glb量은 産乳量增加에 따라서 增加하는 傾向이 있었으며 血淸Alb量 및 血淸A/G比는 産乳量增加에 따라서 減少하는 傾向이 있었다. 30. 血淸glucose量과 産乳量과는 負의 相關關係에 있는 것으로 보아지며 血淸cholesterol量은 産乳量增加에 따라서 增加하는 傾向이 있었다. 31. 血淸Mg量은 産乳量이 가장 많은 25kg以上群에서 特히 낮았으며 血淸Ca 및 P量은 産乳量增加에 따라서 增加하는 傾向이 있었으나 血淸Ca/P比는 産乳量增加에 따라서 減少하는 傾向이 있었다. 32. 血淸Na量 및 血淸Na/K比는 産乳量과는 正의 相關關係에 있는 것으로 보아지며 血淸K量은 産乳量增加에 따라서 減少하는 傾向이 있었고 血淸Cl量과 産乳量과는 特別한 關係를 認定할 수 없었다. This work was conducted to determine the composition of the blood of Holstein cattle in Korea and the relationships between the blood composition and milk production. Blood samples were taken from 870 healthy cattle in Chonnam province. Milk yield was recorded, and the results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. Mean red blood cell(RBC) count was 5.97(3.20~9.96)×10 6/㎕, whereas the RBC count of adult cows was 6.06(3.20~9.74)×10 6/㎕. The RBC count between age groups appeared to be especially lower in the age group of 1 year(5.19×l0 6/㎕) than in the other age groups. 2. Mean hemoglobin(Hb)content was 9.61(5.3-18.4)g/100ml, whereas the Hb content of adult cows was 9.42(5.3-18.4)g/100ml. The Hb content between age groups appeared to be especially lower in the age group of 2 years(8.97g/100ml) than in the other age groups. 3. Mean packed cell volume(PCV) was 31.10(19-5)ml/100ml. The PCV between age groups was lowest in the age group of 2 years(29.84ml/100ml). 4. Mean corpuscular volume(MCV) was 52.09(23.77-86.57) fl. whereas the MCV of adult cows 51.22(29.77-6.57) fl. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) was 16.10(8.21-28.96) pg, whereas the MCH of adult cows was 15.54(8.21-28.96) pg. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) was 30.90(17.35-53.57)g/100ml, whereas MCHC of adult cows was 30.35(17.35-53.57)g/100ml. The MCV, MCH and MCHC appeared to be higher in the calves and heifers than in the adult cows. 5. Most anemic cattle showed macrocytic, hyperchromic anemia. Various types of anemia were detected; microcytic(MCV 37.15 fl) hypochromic(MCH 12.35.pg); macrocytic hypochromic(MCHC 24.21g/100ml); microcyticfMCV 35.71 fl)hyperchromic(MCHC 40.83g/100ml). 6. Mean white blood cell(WBC) count was 10,186(3,200-31,600)/ l, which was high compared with other results. The WBC count between age groups appeared to be especially higher in the age group of 2 years(12, 647/yu.e) than in the other age groups. 7. Mean differential WBC count was lymphocyte 66.95(36-91), monocyte 3.08(0-12), neutrophil 25.69(2-54), eosinophil 3.84(0-18) and basophil 0.44(0-5%), respectively, while in the adult cows, it was lymphocyte 65.87(36-86), monocyte 3.15(0-9), neutrophil 25.84(6-53), eosinophil 4.73(0-15) and basophil 0.41(0-2)%, respectively. Lymphocyte count increased up to 1 year of age and thereafter it decreased with age, whereas the reverse was the case with neutrophil count. There was a negative correlation between lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Monocyte and eosinophil counts tended to be slightly higher in the older age groups. 8. Mean platelet count was 252,429(93,000-964,000)/㎕; no differences were found in the platelet count between age groups. 9. Mean serum total protein(TP) content was 6.88(4.10-10.20)g/100ml, while the TP content of adult cows was 7.35(5.10-10.20)g/100ml. The TP content tended to increase with age. 10. Mean serum aIbumin(Alb) content was 3.43(2.00-4.40)g/l00ml, while the Alb content of adult cows was 3.51(2.00-4.40)g/100ml. The Alb content appeared to be lower in the calves and heifers than in the adult cows. 11. Mean serum globulin(GIb) content was 3.45(1.10-7.15)g/100ml, while the Gib content of adult cows was 3.84(1.40-7.15g)/100ml. The Gib conienc tended to increase with age. 12. Mean serum .albumin: globuIin(A/G) ratio was 0.99(0.40-3.33), while the A/G ratio of adult cows was 0.91(0.43-2.64). The A/G ratio tended to decrease with age. 13. Mean serum cholesterol concentration was 145.65(44.0-336.0)mg/100ml, whereas the scrum cholesterol concentration of adult cows was 180.93(46.4-336.0)mg/100ml. The serum cholesterol concentration increased up to 4 years of age and thereafter it decreased with age. 14. Mean serum glucose concentration was 46.00(27.0-96.0)mg/100ml, whereas the serum glucose concentration of adult cows was 39.61(27.0-65.0)mg/100ml, which was low compared with other results. The serum glucose concentration between age groups appeared to be especially higher in the age group of less than 1 year(58.07mg/100ml) than in the other age groups. 15. Mean serum magnesium(Mg) concentration was 2.68(0.20-8.60)mg/100ml, whereas the Mg concentration of adult cows was 2.72(0.20-8.46)mg/100ml. The Mg concentration between age groups appeared to be especially lower in the age group of more than 7 years(2.27mg/100ml) than in the other age groups. Decreased Mg concentration was shown in older cows. 16. Mean serum calcium(Ca) concentration was 4.36(3.16-8.40)mEq/L, which was low compared with other results. No differences were found in the Ca concentration between age groups. 17. Mean serum inorganic phosphate(P) concentration was 6.27(3.10-9.78)mg/100ml, whereas the P concentration of adult cows was 5.92(3.10-9.78)mg/100ml. The P concentration between age groups appeared to be especially higher in the age group of less than 1 year(7.50mg/100ml) than in the other age groups. 18. Mean serum calcium: inorganic phosphate(Ca/P) ratio was 1.39(0.68--2.64). The Ca/P ratio of adult cows was 1.48(0.68-2.64), which was lower compared with other results. The Ca/P ratio between age groups was lowest in the age group of less than 1 year(1.21). 19. Mean serum potassium(K) concentration was 4.94(3.5-6.7)mEq/L> whereas the K concentration of adult cows was 4-84(3.5-6.2)mEq/L. The K concentration between age groups appeared to be especially higher in rhe age group of less than 1 year(5.22mEq/L) than =n the other age groups. 20. Mean serum sodiurn(Na) concentration was 138.413(123-157)mEq/L> whereas the Na concentration of adult cows was 137.32(123-157)mEq/L. The Na concentration between age groups appeared to be higher in the calves and heifers than in the adult cows. 21. Mean serum chloride concentration was 99.96(84.6-123.0)mEq/L; no differences were found between age groups in the scrum chloride concentration. 22. Mean serum sodium: potassium(Na/K) ratio was 28.02(21.49-37.14), whereas it was 28.37(22.00-37.14) in the adult cows. The Na/K ratio between age groups appeared to be especially lower in the age group of less than 1 year(26.77) than in the other age groups. 23. The values of RBC count, Hb content, PCV, MCH and MCHC increased up to 15-20kg milk yielding group and thereafter they tended to decrease with higher milk yielding groups. In other words, there was a negative correlation between the values of erythrocytic series and milk production. 24. The leukocyte and lymphocyte count were a negative correlation with milk yield, while the neutrophil count was a positive correlation wirh milk yield. The monocyte and eosinophil count tended to increase as milk production increased. No relationships were found between the platelet count and milk production. 25. The serum total protein and globulin content tended to increase as milk production increased, while the reverse was the case with serum albumin content and A/G ratio. 26. The serum glucose concentration was a negative correlation with milk yield. The Serum cholesterol concentration tended to increase as milk production increased. 27. The serum calcium and inorganic phosphate concentration tended to increase as milk production increased, while the opposite was the case with Ca/P ratio. The serum magnesium concentration was especially lower in the highest milk yielding group than in the other milk yielding groups. 28. The serum sodium concentration and the Na/K ratio tended to increase as milk production increased. In other words, there was a positive correlation with milk yield. The serum potassium concentration tended to decrease as milk production increased. No relationships were found between the serum chloride concentration and milk production.