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In vitro efficacy and risk for adverse effects of light-assisted tooth bleaching
Bruzell, Ellen M.,Johnsen, Bjorn,Aalerud, Tommy Nakken,Dahl, Jon E.,Christensen, Terje Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.3
The use of optical radiation in the so-called light-assisted tooth bleaching procedures has been suggested to enhance the oxidizing effect of the bleaching agent, hydrogen peroxide. Documentation is scarce on the potential adverse effects of bleaching products and on optical exposure risks to eyes and skin. The efficacy of seven bleaching products with or without simultaneous use of seven different bleaching lamps was investigated using extracted human teeth. The bleaching effect was determined immediately after treatment and one week later. Tooth surfaces were examined for adverse alterations after bleaching using a scanning electron microscope. Source characteristics of eight lamps intended for tooth bleaching were determined. International guidelines on optical radiation were used to assess eye and skin exposure hazards due to UV and visible light emission from the lamps. Inspection of teeth one week after bleaching showed no difference in efficacy between teeth bleached with or without irradiation for any of the products. Scratches, probably from the cleaning procedure were frequently seen on bleached enamel irrespective of irradiation. Maximum permissible exposure time ($t_{max}$) and threshold limit values were exceeded for about half the bleaching lamps investigated. One lamp exceeded $t_{max}$ even for reflected blue light within the treatment time. This lamp also exceeded $t_{max}$ values for UV exposure. The lamps were classified as "low risk" and as borderline to "moderate risk" according to a relevant lamp standard.
WEIDA YAN,SHUHEI AOYAMA,HIROTAKE ISHII,HIROSHI SHIMODA,TRAN T. SANG,SOLHAUGLARS INGE,TOPPE ALEKSANDER LYGREN,JOHNSEN TERJE,MASANORI IZUMI 한국원자력학회 2012 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.44 No.5
When decommissioning a nuclear power plant, it is difficult to make an appropriate plan to ensure sufficient space for temporary placement and conveyance operations of dismantling targets. This paper describes a system to support temporary placement and conveyance operations using augmented reality (AR). The system employs a laser range scanner to measure the three-dimensional (3D) information of the environment and a dismantling target to produce 3D surface polygon models. Then,the operator simulates temporary placement and conveyance operations using the system by manipulating the obtained 3D model of the dismantling target in the work field. Referring to the obtained 3D model of the environment, a possible collision between the dismantling target and the environment is detectable. Using AR, the collision position is presented intuitively. After field workers evaluated this system, the authors concluded that the system is feasible and acceptable to verify whether spaces for passage and temporary storage are sufficient for temporary placement and conveyance operations. For practical use in the future, some new functions must be added to improve the system. For example, it must be possible for multiple workers to use the system simultaneously by sharing the view of dismantling work.
Yan, Weida,Aoyama, Shuhei,Ishii, Hirotake,Shimoda, Hiroshi,Sang, Tran T.,Inge, Solhaug Lars,Lygren, Toppe Aleksander,Terje, Johnsen,Izumi, Masanori Korean Nuclear Society 2012 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.44 No.5
When decommissioning a nuclear power plant, it is difficult to make an appropriate plan to ensure sufficient space for temporary placement and conveyance operations of dismantling targets. This paper describes a system to support temporary placement and conveyance operations using augmented reality (AR). The system employs a laser range scanner to measure the three-dimensional (3D) information of the environment and a dismantling target to produce 3D surface polygon models. Then, the operator simulates temporary placement and conveyance operations using the system by manipulating the obtained 3D model of the dismantling target in the work field. Referring to the obtained 3D model of the environment, a possible collision between the dismantling target and the environment is detectable. Using AR, the collision position is presented intuitively. After field workers evaluated this system, the authors concluded that the system is feasible and acceptable to verify whether spaces for passage and temporary storage are sufficient for temporary placement and conveyance operations. For practical use in the future, some new functions must be added to improve the system. For example, it must be possible for multiple workers to use the system simultaneously by sharing the view of dismantling work.