http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Ana Carolina Tolentino Brandão,Miriam Maria de Resende,Eloízio Júlio Ribeiro 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.10
This paper studied bioethanol production at very high gravity (VHG) conditions using flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae, evaluating the response yield, ethanol concentration, productivity, and residual sugar through a central composite design (CCD). This CCD was evaluated at 12 and 24 h fermentation times. In the CCD evaluated for 12 h of fermentation, the best condition for alcoholic fermentation was 27 oC, 260 g/L substrate concentration and a 30% v/v cell concentration; a maximum overall desirability of 0.937 was achieved. For CCD at 24 h of fermentation, the best condition was 27 oC, 300 g/L substrate concentration, and a 26% v/v cell concentration. The desirability achieved was 0.811. These conditions allowed us to verify, experimentally, that the CCD models described the fermentation behavior well. VHG alcoholic fermentation in fed-batch with the reuse of cells without chemical treatment was performed using the optimum conditions obtained from the desirability function (27 oC, 300 g/L, 26% v/v). This resulted in favorable alcohol content 132.90 g/L in comparison to the conventional fermentation process.
차이점보다는 공통점이 많음 : 다문화 도서와 문해 방법을 통해 존중감 증진시키기
Laurie J. Harper,Susan Trostle Brand 대한어린이교육협회 2010 어린이교육 Vol.- No.12
풍부한 양질의 다문화 문학 경험은유아들이 자신과 타인에 대해 더 깊이 이해하게 한 다. 유아들은 다문화 문학에서 다양한 삶과 세계, 다양한 사람들에 대한 경험을 통해 인간 의 유사점과 차이점에 관한 자신들의 호기심을 충족시킨다. 다문화 문학과 문학 관련 활동 이 발달에 적합한 방법으로 교육과정 안에 녹아졌을 때 유아들은 다양한 사람들의 유사점 과 차이점을 안다. 또한 유아들은 유사점과 차이점의 가치를 안다. 유아를 위한 다문화 문학은 학급에서 상당히 중요한 역할을 한다. 피부색, 종교, 문화, 장애, 나이 등에 관한(Harris, 1997) 다문화 문학은 유아들의 문화 간 이해 발달에 중요한 역할을 한다. 인종, 가족 구조, 가치 있는 것, 종교, 사회경제적 위치 등이 점점 더 복잡한 사 회가 되기 때문에(Anderson, 2006) 이런 문화적․언어적 다양성은 모든 사람이 알아야 한다. 양질의 다문화 문학은 유아들에게 다른 문화 뿐 아니라 자신의 문화에 대한 이해와 존 중감도 증진시킨다. Hazel Rochman(1993)은 자신의 책 Against Borders에서 다문화 문학 의 전반적인 목적을 설명한다.
Hot Isostatic Pressing of Nanostructured γ - TiAl Powders
HEBEISEN, J,TYLUS, P,ZICK, D,MUKHOPADHYAY, D K,BRAND, K,SURYANARAYANA. C,FROES. F H 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1996 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.2 No.2
A study of the hot isostatic pressing (HIP'ing) of γ-TiAl powders produced by mechanical alloying, has demonstrated that full density can be achieved 400℃ or more below the temperature required for conventional powder; that is 725℃ or below. Nanostructured grains (≤100 ㎚) are observed after HIP'ing up to 850℃.
Paik, M.J.,Kim, H.,Lee, J.,Brand, J.,Kim, K.R. Elsevier 2009 Journal of chromatography Vol.1216 No.31
Microalgal lipids were separated into two fractions, triacylglycerols (TAGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs), by solid-phase extraction employing sodium carbonate as the sorbent and dichloromethane (20% by volume) in n-hexane as the extracting solvent. The TAG fraction was then saponified, followed by acidification, extraction and tert-butyldimethylsilyl esterification. The FFA fraction was directly acidified, extracted and derivatized. From the lipid extracts of eight microalgal species examined, a total of 13 fatty acids were detected in the TAG fractions and nine were found in the FFA fractions, with at much higher total TAG content in all microalgae. Oleic acid was the most prominent fatty acid in three species, α-linolenic acid was more abundant in two others, and palmitic acid was present in highest concentration in the remaining three species.
LaRusch, Jessica,Jung, Jinsei,General, Ignacio J.,Lewis, Michele D.,Park, Hyun Woo,Brand, Randall E.,Gelrud, Andres,Anderson, Michelle A.,Banks, Peter A.,Conwell, Darwin,Lawrence, Christopher,Romagnuo Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS genetics Vol.10 No.7
<▼1><P>CFTR is a dynamically regulated anion channel. Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms. Two severe CFTR mutations (<I>CFTR<SUP>sev</SUP></I>) cause complete loss of CFTR function and result in cystic fibrosis (CF), a severe genetic disorder affecting sweat glands, nasal sinuses, lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, and male reproductive system. We hypothesize that those <I>CFTR</I> mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (<I>CFTR<SUP>BD</SUP></I>) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF. To understand the structural and functional requirements of the CFTR bicarbonate-preferring channel, we (a) screened 984 well-phenotyped pancreatitis cases for candidate <I>CFTR<SUP>BD</SUP></I> mutations from among 81 previously described <I>CFTR</I> variants; (b) conducted electrophysiology studies on clones of variants found in pancreatitis but not CF; (c) computationally constructed a new, complete structural model of CFTR for molecular dynamics simulation of wild-type and mutant variants; and (d) tested the newly defined <I>CFTR<SUP>BD</SUP></I> variants for disease in non-pancreas organs utilizing CFTR for bicarbonate secretion. Nine variants (<I>CFTR</I> R74Q, R75Q, R117H, R170H, L967S, L997F, D1152H, S1235R, and D1270N) not associated with typical CF were associated with pancreatitis (OR 1.5, p = 0.002). Clones expressed in HEK 293T cells had normal chloride but not bicarbonate permeability and conductance with WNK1-SPAK activation. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest physical restriction of the CFTR channel and altered dynamic channel regulation. Comparing pancreatitis patients and controls, <I>CFTR<SUP>BD</SUP></I> increased risk for rhinosinusitis (OR 2.3, p<0.005) and male infertility (OR 395, p<<0.0001). WNK1-SPAK pathway-activated increases in CFTR bicarbonate permeability are altered by <I>CFTR<SUP>BD</SUP></I> variants through multiple mechanisms. <I>CFTR<SUP>BD</SUP></I> variants are associated with clinically significant disorders of the pancreas, sinuses, and male reproductive system.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Genetic disorders of ion channels can affect the body's ability to function properly in many ways. CFTR, an ion channel regulating movement of chloride and bicarbonate across cell membranes, is important for absorbing and secreting fluids. If the gene responsible for the CFTR channel is mutated severely, the result is cystic fibrosis, a hereditary disorder in which the patient develops thick mucus, especially in the lungs, as well as scarring (fibrosis) in the pancreas. Cystic fibrosis also affects the sweat glands, nasal sinuses, intestines, liver, and male reproductive system. Mutations to the CFTR gene that do not cause cystic fibrosis have been considered benign. However, we discovered 9 CFTR mutations that do not cause cystic fibrosis but do cause inflammation and scarring of the pancreas (chronic pancreatitis). These mutant CFTR channels secrete chloride, which is important in the sweat glands, lungs, and intestines, but not bicarbonate, which is important in the pancreas, sinuses, and male reproductive tract. We found patients with any of these 9 mutations had chronic pancreatitis, and often sinus infections, and male infertility, but not other symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Our computer models and data will help researchers develop better drugs and help physicians treating patients with chronic pancreatitis.</P></▼2>
WATER VAPOR MASERS: A SIGNPOST FOR LOW MASS STAR FORMATION
Migenes, V.,Trinidad, M.A.,Valdettaro, R.,Brand, J.,Palla, F. The Korean Astronomical Society 2007 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.40 No.4
It is well known that water vapor maser emission at 22.2 GHz is associated with the earliest stages of both low- and high-mass star formation and it can be considered a reliable diagnostic of their evolutionary state. Bright Rimmed Clouds (BRCs) are clouds that have been compressed by an external ionization-shock front which focuses the neutral gas into compact globules. The boundary layer between the neutral gas and the gas ionized by the incident photons is often called "bright rim" but the clumps are sometimes classified also as speck globules or cometary globules depending on their appearance. Small globules with bright rims have been considered to be potential sites of star formation and have been studied in several individual regions. We present results from high resolution VLA observations searching for new candidates of recent star formation in bright-rimmed clouds/globules associated with IRAS point sources.