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Rho, Jin Kyung,Choi, Yun Jung,Lee, Jin Kyung,Ryoo, Baek-Yeol,Na, Im Il,Yang, Sung Hyun,Lee, Seung Sook,Kim, Cheol Hyeon,Yoo, Young Do,Lee, Jae Cheol American Association for Cancer Research 2009 Molecular Cancer Research Vol.7 No.10
<P>The development of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) seems almost inevitable, even in patients with lung cancer that initially respond well to EGFR-TKIs. MET amplification was recently found to be a mechanism of escape from the anticancer effect of EGFR inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated the means whereby MET affects sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in PC-9 cells. Gefitinib- or erlotinib-resistant sublines were established by exposing the parental PC-9 cell line to chronic, repeated treatments with these drugs. These resistant sublines showed more than 100-fold more resistance to gefitinib and erlotinib and acquired cross-resistance to other EGFR-TKIs. The T790M EGFR mutation was found by pyrosequencing, and this seemed to be the cause of drug resistance. Resistant cells also showed MET activation, although gene amplification was not detected. Furthermore, the induction of MET activity was not found to be associated with sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Interestingly, increased passage number without exposure to gefitinib or erlotinib caused MET activation, but this did not affect sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. In addition, hepatocyte growth factor was found to block the ability of EGFR-TKIs to inhibit MET activation. However, sustained MET activation by hepatocyte growth factor did not modulate the cellular effects of gefitinib or erlotinib. Rather, activated MET enhanced migration and invasion abilities. Summarizing, MET activation may be acquired during cancer cell proliferation and enhances migratory and invasive abilities without affecting cellular sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Accordingly, the present study suggests that MET activation caused by factors other than MET gene amplification is not a suitable surrogate marker of resistance to EGFR-TKIs.</P>
사계성 ‘페치카’ 딸기의 고랭지 여름철 양액재배시 배지선택
이한철(Han Cheol Rhee),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),노일래(Il Rae Rho),정호정(Ho Jung Jung),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),강경희(Kyung HeeKang),이재한(Jae Han Lee),이성찬(Sung Chan Lee) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2006 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.15 No.3
사철딸기 ‘페치카’ 품종의 고설벤취 양액재배에 의한 고랭지 여름생산(6월-9)월)에 적합한 배지를 선발코자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 재배기간 중 시설 내 상온은 최고온도는 33~34℃였고 최저온도는 2003년에는 16℃, 2004년은 4.9℃로 연차가 변이가 심하였다. 배지의 불리성에서 비중은 펄라이트가, 용수량은 입상암면 +피트모스가 다른 배지에 비해 높았고 처리별 근권온도는 입상암면과 피트모스 혼합배지가 최고온도 25.5℃, 최저온도 18℃로 가장 낮았으며, 펄라이트와 피트모스 혼합배지, 왕겨와 피트모스 혼합배지, 펄라이트 순으로 낮았다. 입상암면과 피트모스 혼합배지가 펄라이트 단용배지 보다 주간에 최고 3℃, 야간에 최저 1℃ 정도 낮았다. 배지에 따른 초기생육(엽수, 엽장, 엽폭, 생체중)은 펄라이트 단용배지에서 가장 억제되었으며 다른 배지간에는 차이가 없었다. 총수량은 펄라이트와 피트모스 혼합배지에서 연평균 1,632㎏/10a로 다른 처리에 비해 가장 높았지만 2003년에 3,013㎏/10a, 2004년에는 732㎏/10a로 연차간 변이가 심한 경향이었고 과실의 가용성 고형물 함량은 모든 처리에서 9.5~10%로 처리간 차이가 없었다. 따라서 여름 고온기 딸기 양액재배를 위한 적정배지는 과실품질은 비슷하면서 수량이 높은 펄라이트와 피트모스 혼합배지가 적정하다고 판단된다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimal media for ‘Pechika’ ever-bearing strawberry grown in hydroponic culture system in summer highland. Three mixed media (I : 1, v/v) of peatmoss with perlite, rice hull, and granular rockwool, and four solution strengths of EC 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 dSㆍm¹ were tested. Root zone temperature in peatmoss + perlite media was 1 to 3℃ lower than in the other media. The culture medium of mixing to peat moss and perlite was most effective in producing good yield and fruit quality. The culture medium of mixing to peat moss and perlite was the highest about 1,632 ㎏/10a to yield yearly average, but was very undulating 732 ㎏/10a to yield in 2004 year and 3,013 ㎏/10a in 2003 year. The deformed fruits were increased when the solution strength was increased, especially in EC 1.25 dSㆍm¹. The soluble solids and the acidity content of fruits were increased with higher solution strength regardless of media. The uptake of Ca and Mg was inhibited at higher solution strength, and the uptake of N, P and K was promoted. Therefore, the culture medium of mixing to peat moss and perlite was the most suitable culture medium to product strawberry in summer, because it had the highest yield even though fruit quality among treatments was not significant.
사계성 ‘페치카’ 딸기의 고랭지 여름철 양액재배 가능성 및 적정 양액농도 검토
이한철(Han Cheol Rhee),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),노일래(Il Rae Rho),정호정(Ho Jung Jung),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),강경희(Kyung Hee Kang),이재한(Jae Han Lee),이성찬(Sung Chan Lee) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2006 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.15 No.3
수출 유망작목인 사철딸기의 페치카 품종을 이용하여 고랭지(해발 약 800m)의 여름 생산(6월-9월)의 가능성과 고설벤취식 양액재배의 적합한 양액관리 농도를 검토한 결과가 아래와 같다. 고랭지(합천)에서는 평지(부산)보다 하우스내 상온이 4℃ 정도 낮았고 야간 온도가 1℃ 정도 낮았다. 근권온도는 고랭지(최고 25.5℃, 최저 19℃)가 평지보다 평균 3℃ 정도 낮았다. 초기생육(엽수, 엽장, 엽폭, 생체중 등)은 고랭지에서 평지보다 좋았으며 기형과 발생율도 낮았다. 주당과중은 고랭지에서 평지에 비해 많았으며 특히 수출규격품 과실(8~15g)중도 높았다. 총수량은 고랭지에서 2,967㎏/10a로 평지에 비해 52% 증수하였으며 과질의 가용성 고형불과 유기산 함량이 높았고 Citric acid가 95% 이상이었다. 양액농도 관리에서는 S(EC 0.75dSㆍm¹)"m에서 생체중 생육이 가장 좋았으며 양액농도가 증가할수록 억제되는 경향이었다. 특히 5/3S(EC l.25dSㆍm¹)에서는 뿌리의 갈변이 심하고 근활력이 낮았다. 총 수량은 S(EC 0.75dSㆍm¹)에서 2,064㎏/10a로 가장 많았으며 양액농도와 수량간의 추세선은 y=-808x2+967x+1703(R²=0.7994, 꼭지점=3/5S)였다. 이상의 결과에서 페치카의 여름재배에 알맞은 양액농도(EC)는 3/5S이고, 1.0dSㆍm¹ 이상에서는 과실의 당도는 높아지나 기형과의 발생이 많으므로 낮은 농도로 관리하는 것이 유리한 것으로 판단되었다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the hydroponic culture possibility and the optimal solution strength of ‘Pechika’ ever-bearing strawberry in summer highland. Maximum room temperature and minimum root zone temperature of plastic house were 30.8℃ and 19℃ in highland respectively and 4℃ and 3℃ lower than in level land. The growth of ‘Pechika’ was better in highland. There was effective in producing the good yield and fruit quality in highland and the deformed fruits also were decreased. The soluble solid and titratable acidity content increased in highland. Early growth was the most effective in standard solution (EC 0.75 dSㆍm¹) and had a tendency to be inhibition with increasing nutrient concentration. Standard solution was also the highest to yield about 2,064 ㎏/10a among treatments, and 2/3S, 4/3S, 5/3S by turns. The browning roots and root activity increased when the solution strength was increased, especially in EC 1.25 dSㆍm¹. The soluble solids and acidity content of fruits were increased with higher solution strength. Therefor, the summer hydroponic culture of ‘Pechika’ ever-bearing strawberry was suitable in highland and effective in standard solution (EC 0.75 dSㆍm¹) in solution control.
P Wave Morphology as an Independent Predictive Value for Recurrence of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias
( Jae Joong Lee ),( Dae In Lee ),( Rho Seung Young ),( Yae Min Park ),( Jin Keun Jang ),( Whan Cheol Park ),( Jong Il Choi ),( Sang Weon Park ),( Young Hoon Kim ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.1
Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that the P wave morphology characterized by amplitude and duration after ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a useful predictor of recurrence of AF after catheter ablation. Method: One hundred one (76 male; 46.7 months of AF duration) patients with paroxysmal AF were included. Standard 12-lead electrocardiography was performed in all patients before and within 1-2 days after ablation. The amplitude (PA1) and duration (PD1) of P wave before and after (PA2, PD2) ablation were measured with a caliper in 12-lead ECGs and the difference between the two were defined as ΔPA and ΔPD, respectively. Recurrence was defined as any atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) longer than 30 seconds occurred after 3 months of blanking period. Results: During the follow-up of 31.4±3 months, 24% (24 out of 101) showed recurrence of ATs. The PA1 (1.45±0.50 vs 1.35±0.34mm, p=0.26), PA2 (1.36±0.37 vs 1.19±0.37 mm, p=0.063), and ΔPA (0.10±0.37 vs 0.16±0.23 mm, p=0.338) did not show significant difference between the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. But in recurrence group, PD1 (105.3±14.1 vs 114.9±14.9 ms, p=0.006) was significantly shorter and PD2 (103.7±17.4 vs 89.9±13.0 ms, p=0.001) was significantly longer than those without recurrence, therefore, ΔPD (1.6±10.4 vs 24.9±11.8 ms, p=0.001) was significantly shorter in the recurrence group. Multivariate cox regression analysis showed diabetes (hazard ratio: 6.043; p=0.016; confidence interval: 1.406-25.968), structural heart diseases (hazard ratio: 2.30; p=0.098; confidence interval: 0.858-6.168), PA2 (hazard ratio: 2.906; p=0.044; confidence interval: 1.028-8.214), PD1 (hazard ratio: 0.961; p=0.019; confidence interval: 0.929-0.993), PD2 (hazard ratio: 1.053; p=0.001; confidence interval: 1.029-1.078), ΔPD (hazard ratio: 0.923; p=0.001; confidence interval: 0.903-0.945) were independently related to recurrence of ATs after ablation of paroxysmal AF. Conclusion: The P wave duration before and after ablation, and ΔPD was an independent risk factor for predicting recurrence after ablation of paroxysmal AF.
Hyun Jun Ahn,Jungmin Moon,Sungho Koh,Yujin Seo,Choong-Ki Kim,Il Cheol Rho,Choon Hwan Kim,Wan Sik Hwang,Byung Jin Cho Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol. No.
<P>Erbium carbide (ErC<SUB>2</SUB>) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is successfully demonstrated for the first time as a novel work function (WF) metal for nMOSFET applications. The prepared ErC<SUB>2</SUB> shows a very low effective WF (eWF), as low as 3.9 eV on HfO<SUB>2</SUB>, yet with excellent thermal stability. In addition, it did not show significant Fermi-level pinning on high-k dielectrics even after high-temperature annealing. The low eWF property of ErC<SUB>2</SUB> originates from the properties of the lanthanide family, while its good thermal stability is attributed to the properties of metal carbides. ALD-ErC<SUB>2</SUB> has superior conformality over other deposition methods, and thus is a strong candidate for 3-D structure devices.</P>
The Work Function Behavior of Aluminum-Doped Titanium Carbide Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Jungmin Moon,Hyun Jun Ahn,Yujin Seo,Tae In Lee,Choong-Ki Kim,Rho, Il Cheol,Choon Hwan Kim,Wan Sik Hwang,Byung Jin Cho Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol. No.
<P>The effective work function (eWF) of Al-doped titanium carbide (TiAlC) metal electrodes prepared by atomic layer deposition shows a strong dependence on the underlying gate dielectrics. The eWF of TiAlC on HfO2 shows a low value of 4.2 eV independent of the deposition temperature and process conditions, whereas that on SiO2 shifted to a midgap value of 4.7 eV, and it was sensitive to the process conditions. The mechanism underlying this TiAlC work function dependence on different gate dielectrics is investigated in detail.</P>