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Lan Ting-Yuan,Lin Yen-Chun,Tseng Tai-Chung,Yang Hung-Chih,Kao Jui-Hung,Cheng Chiao-Feng,Lee Tai-Ju,Huang Shang-Chin,Lu Cheng-Hsun,Li Ko-Jen,Hsieh Song-Chou 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.2
Background/Aims: Rituximab is known to be associated with high hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation rate in patients with resolved HBV infection and hematologic malignancy. However, data regarding HBV reactivation (HBVr) in rheumatic patients receiving rituximab is limited. To assess the HBVr rate in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients receiving rituximab for autoimmune diseases in a large real-world cohort. Methods: From March 2006 to December 2019, 900 patients with negative HBsAg receiving at least one cycle of rituximab for autoimmune diseases in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcome and factors associated with HBVr were analyzed. Results: After a median follow-up period of 3.3 years, 21 patients developed HBVr, among whom 17 patients were positive for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and four were negative. Thirteen patients had clinical hepatitis flare, while eight patients had HBsAg seroreversion without hepatitis. Old age, anti-HBc positivity, undetectable serum hepatitis B surface antibody level at rituximab initiation and a higher average rituximab dose were associated with a higher HBVr rate. There was no significant difference in the HBVr risk between rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Among anti-HBc-negative patients, subjects without HBV vaccination at birth had an increased risk of HBVr (4/368, 1.1%) compared with those who received vaccination (0/126, 0%). Conclusions: In HBV endemic areas where occult HBV is prevalent, anti-HBc-negative patients, may still be at risk for HBVr after rituximab exposure. HBVr may still be considered in HBsAgnegative patients developing abnormal liver function after rituximab exposure, even in patients with negative anti-HBc.
Ko, Yong-Gi,Kwon, Wonsang,Yen, Hung-Ju,Chang, Cha-Wen,Kim, Dong Min,Kim, Kyungtae,Hahm, Suk Gyu,Lee, Taek Joon,Liou, Guey-Sheng,Ree, Moonhor American Chemical Society 2012 Macromolecules Vol.45 No.9
<P>A series of aromatic polyimides (PIs) were synthesized via the polymerization of 3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfonyltetracarboxylic dianhydride with 4,4′-diaminotriphenylamine derivatives containing hydrogen, cyano, methoxy, or dimethylamine substituents. These PIs were thermally and dimensionally stable and produced high-quality thin films when applied in a conventional spin-coating process. Their structure and properties were characterized. Nanoscale thin films of the PIs demonstrated excellent electrical memory performance, with high stabilities and ON/OFF current ratios. The memory characteristics were found to be tunable by varying the substituents; nonvolatile write-once–read-many-times memory behavior, nonvolatile ON/OFF switching type memory behavior, and volatile dynamic random access memory behavior were observed. The memory characteristics were substantially influenced by the electron-accepting cyano- and electron-donating dimethylamine substituents but were apparently not affected by the electron-donating methoxy substituent. In addition, the film density was a significant factor influencing the observed memory behaviors, with larger film densities causing lower OFF-current levels. However, the critical switching-on voltage varied very little as the substituents were changed and was measured to be approximately ±2 V. All of the memory behaviors were found to be governed by a mechanism involving trap-limited space-charge-limited conduction and local filament formation. Overall, all of the PIs assessed in the present work were found to be suitable active materials for the low-cost mass production of high-performance, programmable unipolar memory devices that can be operated with very low power consumption, high ON/OFF current ratios, and high thermal and dimensional stability.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2012/mamobx.2012.45.issue-9/ma300311d/production/images/medium/ma-2012-00311d_0004.gif'></P>