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Rong Zeng,Renzhong Qiao,Zehu Wang,Hongran Wang,Liqiang Chen,Lin Yang,Liming Hu,Zelin Li 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.4
Two kinds of chitosan-stavudine (d4T) conjugates, chitosan-O-isopropyl-5'-O-d4T monophosphate conjugate (Cs-P-d4T) with a phosphoramide linkage and chitosan-5'-O-succinyl-d4T conjugate (Cs-S-d4T) with a succinic spacer, were synthesized using an Atherton-Todd reaction and carbodiimide coupling reaction, respectively, and then structurally characterized. Their in vitro drug release behaviors and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity were investigated and compared. Both of the chitosan-d4T conjugates more strongly prefer to release corresponding d4T derivatives rather than free d4T in a prolonged manner but have different hydrolysis routes. The anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity evaluated in the MT4 cell line revealed that the anti-HIV selectivity index was in the following order: Cs-P-d4T > d4T >> Cs-S-d4T since the released d4T-5'-(O-isopropyl) monophosphate from Cs-P-d4T can bypass the rate-limiting bottleneck of nucleoside phosphorylation, while the released 5'-O-succinyl-d4T from Cs-Sd4T has to be hydrolyzed to d4T and then successively phosphorylated to its active form to exert antiviral activity. The results suggested that constructing a chitosan-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) conjugate with a phosphoramide linkage may be an efficient approach for improving NRTI therapy efficacy in antiretroviral treatment.
Bi, Wei-Wei,Zhang, Wei-Hua,Yin, Gui-Hua,Luo, Hong,Wang, Shou-Qin,Wang, Hongran,Li, Chao,Yan, Wei-Qun,Nie, De-Zhi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14
Background: To determine the amount of co-expression of IDO and EGFR in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods:In order to obtain the distribution of co-expression of IDO and EGFR in breast cancer, we tested 110 breast cancer paraffin tissue blocks with immunohistochemical methods. Then we investigated the relationship between the diagnostic and pathologic characteristics (tumor size, lymph node status, histologic grade, the gene expression of ER, PR, HER2, p53, Ki67 and PCNA) with the situation of co-expression of IDO and EGFR by reviewing the medical records of 32 breast cancer patients. Results: Among 110 breast cancers, 32 cases demonstrated IDO and EGFR co-expression (29.1%), IDO and EGFR synchronous co-expression being found in 19.1% and asynchronous in 10.0%. Conclusions: IDO and EGFR were co-expressed in breast cancer, including synchronous and asynchronous co-expression. The results suggest that considering IDO and EGFR as two indicators for breast cancer treatment or prognosis analysis provides a potential option of individual treatment for the portion of breast cancer patients with co-expression of IDO and EGFR.