Development of an infant formula certified reference material for the analysis of organic nutrients

Lee, Joonhee,Kim, Byungjoo,Lee, Sun Young,Choi, Jongoh,Kang, Dukjin,Lee, Hwasim,Choi, KiHwan,Lee, Hyeyoung,Sim, Hee-Jung,Baek, Song-Yee,Lee, Honghee,Hyung, Seok-Won,Ahn, Seonghee,Seo, Dongwon,Hwang, J Applied Science Publishers 2019 Food chemistry Vol.298 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Infant formula certified reference material (CRM, KRISS CRM 108-02-003) were developed for the analysis of organic nutrients. The CRM is a milk-based infant formula powder, packaged at 14 g per unit. Ten thousand units were prepared and stored at −70 °C. For the certification of each nutrient, ten units were analyzed for simultaneous value-assignment and homogeneity test. Analytical methods used were isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC/MS) or gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC/MS) as higher-order reference methods.13 vitamins, 3 fatty acids, and total cholesterol were certified. The between-unit relative standard deviation of measurement results for each nutrient ranged 0.2% to 2.5%, showing very good homogeneity. The expanded relative uncertainties of the certified values ranged from 1% to 8%, indicating that they have higher-order metrological quality. The values of proximates (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, water, and ash) were assigned through inter-laboratory comparisons.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An infant formula CRMs for the analysis of organic nutrients was developed. </LI> <LI> Organic nutrients were certified by IDMS approaches as higher-order reference methods. </LI> <LI> Homogeneities and stability of the CRM were evaluated by IDMS approaches. </LI> <LI> Metrological qualities of the certified values were proved by their small uncertainties. </LI> <LI> Five proximates were value-assigned by interlaboratory comparison. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Computer-Aided Inspection Planning System for On-Machine Measurement-Part Ⅰ: Global Inspection Planning-

Honghee Lee,Myeong-Woo Cho,Gil-Sang Yoon,Jin-Hwa Choi 대한기계학회 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.8

Computer-Aided Inspection Planning (CAIP) is the integration bridge between CAD/CAM and Computer Aided Inspection (CAI). A CAIP system for On-Machine Measurement (OMM) is proposed to inspect the complicated mechanical parts efficiently during machining or after machining. The inspection planning consists of Global Inspection Planning (GIP) and Local Inspection Planning (LIP). In the GIP, the system creates the optimal inspection sequence of the features in a part by analyzing the various feature information such as the relationship of the features, Probe Approach Directions (PAD), etc. Feature groups are formed for effective planning, and special feature groups are determined for sequencing. The integrated process and inspection plan is generated based on the sequences of the feature groups and the features in a feature group. A series of heuristic rules are developed to accomplish it. In the LIP of Part Ⅱ, the system generates inspection parameters. The integrated inspection planning is able to determine optimum manufacturing sequence for inspection and machining processes. Finally, the results are simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed CAIP.

Rule-Based Process Planning By Grouping Features

Honghee Lee 대한기계학회 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.12

A macro-level CAPP system is proposed to plan the complicated mechanical prismatic parts efficiently. The system creates the efficient machining sequence of the features in a part by analyzing the feature information. Because the planning with the individual features is very complicated, feature groups are formed for effective planning using the nested relations of the features of a part, and special feature groups are determined for sequencing. The process plan is generated based on the sequences of the feature groups and features. When multiple machines are required, efficient machine assignment is performed. A series of heuristic rules are developed to accomplish it.<br/>

관측 빈도에 따른 COMS 기반의 일 평균 일사량 산출의 민감도 분석

김홍희 ( Honghee Kim ),이경상 ( Kyeong-sang Lee ),서민지 ( Minji Seo ),최성원 ( Sungwon Choi ),성노훈 ( Noh-hun Sung ),이다래 ( Darae Lee ),진동현 ( Donghyun Jin ),권채영 ( Chaeyoung Kwon ),허모랑 ( Morang Huh ),한경수 ( Kyung-soo 대한원격탐사학회 2016 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

일사량은 지구 내 시스템의 에너지원으로 작용하는 중요한 지표변수로써, 원격탐사를 통해 모니터링 하는 것은 태양 에너지의 잠재량을 평가할 수 있어 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 한반도에서 관측 빈도에 따른 일 평균 일사량 산출의 민감도를 분석하고자 한다. COMS의 채널 자료 및 구름탐지 분석자료, 구름에 의한 일사량의 감쇠 정도를 이용하여 시간 해상도가 1시간과 3시간 간격의 자료를 이용하여 일사량을 산출하였다. 전천을 의미하는 공간적 범위만큼 Hemispherical Integration를 실시하였고, 각 일사량을 일 평균하여 지상 37곳의 일사계 자료와 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 1시간 간격의 자료를 이용하여 일 평균한 일사량은 28.6401 W/㎡의 정확도를, 3시간 간격의 자료를 이용하여 일 평균한 일사량은 30.4960 W/㎡의 정확도를 보여, 일 평균 일사량은 위성의 관측 빈도에 큰 민감도를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 시간해상도가 다른 두 일사량은 공간적 분포에서 구름의 관측 빈도에 따라 큰 차이를 보였고, 구름의 관측 빈도와 두 일사량의 차이 간 민감도 분석을 실시한 결과 최대 19.4392 W/㎡의 민감도를 보였다. Insolation is an major indicator variable that can serve as an energy source in earth system. It is important to monitor insolation content using remote sensing to evaluate the potential of solar energy. In this study, we performed sensitivity analysis of observed frequency on daily composite insolation over the Korean peninsula. We estimated INS through the channel data of Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) and Cloud Mask which have temporal resolution of 1 and 3 hours. We performed Hemispherical Integration by spatial resolution for meaning whole sky. And we performed daily composite insolation. And then we compared the accuracy of estimated COMS insolation data with pyranometer data from 37 points. As a result, there was no great sensitivity in the daily composite INS by observed frequency of satellite that accuracy of the calculated insolation at 1 hour interval was 28.6401 W/㎡ and 3 hours interval was 30.4960 W/㎡. However, there was a great difference in the space distribution of two other INS data by observed frequency of clouds. So, we performed sensitivity analysis with observed frequency of clouds and distinction between the two other INS data. Consequently, there was showed sensitivity up to 19.4392 W/㎡.

트랜스미션을 적용한 BLDC 모터 EV – BAJA 자작차 제작

김홍희(Honghee Kim),최명진(Myungjin choi),윤광훈(Gwanghun Yun),박준수(Junsu Park),이준혁(Junhyeok Lee),문현웅(Hyunwoong Moon),박준표(Junpyo Park),장혜운(Hyewoon Jang),이인재(Injae Lee),김형민(Hyung min Kim),손병래(Byeongrae Son) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2021 No.11

위성기반 해빙 농도 산출물들의 품질 일관성 분석

이은경 ( Eunkyung Lee ),서민지 ( Minji Seo ),이경상 ( Kyeong-sang Lee ),최성원 ( Sungwon Choi ),이다래 ( Darae Lee ),진동현 ( Donghyun Jin ),권채영 ( Chaeyoung Kwon ),김홍희 ( Honghee Kim ),허모랑 ( Morang Huh ),한경수 ( Kyung-soo 대한원격탐사학회 2017 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

본 연구에서는 산출 방법에 따른 해빙 자료 간의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 1980-2010년 북극 지역의 EUMETSAT OSI SAF, NASA Team(NT)의 해빙 농도와 해빙 면적의 차이를 비교하였다. 그 결과 두 자료의 해빙 농도와 해빙 면적이 계절별, 해역별로 다른 일관성을 보였다. 계절별로는 OSI SAF의 해빙 농도가 전체적으로 0.85 %, 봄 0.48 %, 여름 0.97 %, 가을 1.38 %, 겨울 0.66 % 높게 나타났다. 해역별로는 북극해에서 OSI SAF의 해빙 농도가 2.7 %, 해빙 면적이 19.8만 ㎢ 높았으나 링컨해 일부에서는 해빙 농도가 2.3 %, 해빙 면적이 2만 ㎢ 낮게 나타났다. We compared sea ice concentration(SIC) and sea ice extent(SIE) using EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facilities(OSI SAF) and NASA Team(NT) sea ice algorithm in the Arctic during 1980-2010 to investigate the difference between sea ice data applied different algorithms. SIC and SIE of the two data showed different consistency by season and by sea area. Seasonally, SIC of OSI SAF was 0.85 % overall, 0.48 % in spring, 0.97 % in summer, 1.38 % in autumn and 0.66 % in winter higher than NT SIC. By sea area, OSI SAF SIC was 2.7 %, SIE was 198,000 ㎢ higher than NT in Arctic Ocean, but in Lincoln Sea, OSI SAF SIC was 2.3 %, SIE was 20,000 ㎢ lower than NT.

Skills Needed for E-Business Project Managers

Choong Kwon Lee,Byeonghwa Park,Honghee Lee 한국산업경영학회 2007 한국산업경영학회 발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.4

The project manager is central to the success of any project. Thus, identifying the roles and skills requirement of the e-business project manager is very important to business organizations that are engaged in some aspects of e-business. This research collected 126 job ads for e-business project managers, from July 2002 through November 2004. By analyzing these job ads, this study identified the roles and skills necessary for e-business project managers. Three important roles were: a linker of technology to business, a strategy-minded developer, and an Internet-oriented technology expert. Important skills requirement included: understanding of business, system development, problem solving, management, social, architecture/network, and software.

Landsat 8 위성 기반 고해상도 지표면 광대역 알베도 산출

이다래 ( Darae Lee ),서민지 ( Minji Seo ),이경상 ( Kyeong-sang Lee ),최성원 ( Sungwon Choi ),성노훈 ( Noh-hun Sung ),김홍희 ( Honghee Kim ),진동현 ( Donghyun Jin ),권채영 ( Chaeyoung Kwon ),허모랑 ( Morang Huh ),한경수 ( Kyung-soo 대한원격탐사학회 2016 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

알베도는 태양에너지의 흡수량을 결정하는 주요 기후 변수 중 하나로서, 이러한 알베도를 산출하는 것은 기후 변화 연구에 있어 중요한 과정이다. 이 때, 산출된 알베도 자료를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서는 높은 공간해상도와 장기간의 일관성 있는 산출이 중요하게 고려된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Landsat 8을 기반으로 Landsat 7과의 일관성을 유지한 고해상도 지표면 광대역 알베도를 산출하였다. 먼저, Landsat 7과 Landsat 8의 채널 별 일관성을 분석한 결과, 상관계수(R)가 평균 0.96으로 높은 상관성을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 Landsat 7 알베도와 Landsat 8 반사도 채널 자료를 다중회귀분석에 적용하여 Landsat 8 광대역 알베도 전환 식을 도출하였다. 도출된 식을 통해 Landsat 8 지표면 광대역 알베도를 산출하고, Landsat 7 알베도 자료와 비교하여 검증하였다. 그 결과 R-square(R²)가 0.89, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)가 0.003의 높은 정확도를 보였다. Albedo is one of the climate variables that modulate absorption of solar energy, and its retrieval is important process for climate change study. High spatial resolution and long-term consistent periods are important considerations in order to efficiently use the retrieved albedo data. This study retrieved surface broadband albedo based on Landsat 8 as high resolution which is consistent with Landsat 7. First of all, we analyzed consistency of Landsat 7 channel and Landsat 8 channel. As a result, correlation coefficient(R) on all channels is average 0.96. Based on this analysis, we used multiple linear regression model using Landsat 7 albedo, which is being used in many studies, and Landsat 8 reflectance channel data. The regression coefficients of each channel calculated by regression analysis were used to derive a formula for converting the Landsat 8 reflectance channel data to broadband albedo. After Landsat 8 albedo calculated using the derived formula is compared with Landsat 7 albedo data, we confirmed consistency of two satellite using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), R-square (R²) and bias. As a result, R² is 0.89 and RMSE is 0.003 between Landsat 7 albedo and Landsat 8 albedo.

남극에서의 위성기반 순복사 장기변화와 알베도 사이의 상관성 분석

서민지 ( Minji Seo ),이경상 ( Kyeong-sang Lee ),최성원 ( Sungwon Choi ),이다래 ( Darae Lee ),김홍희 ( Honghee Kim ),권채영 ( Chaeyoung Kwon ),진동현 ( Donghyun Jin ),이은경 ( Eunkyung Lee ),한경수 ( Kyung-soo Han ) 대한원격탐사학회 2017 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

남극은 기후변화를 이해하는데 있어 중요한 지역 중 하나이며, 선행연구에 따르면 온난화뿐만 아니라 냉각화도 일어나는 복합적인 지역이다. 그렇기 때문에 남극 에너지 수지의 장기간 변화에 대한 파악이 필요하다. 에너지 수지 요소 중 하나인 순복사는 알베도의 영향을 받으며, 이때 알베도는 negative radiative forcing을 일으키는 요소로 작용한다. 남극의 기후 변화 및 얼음-알베도 피드백에서 두 요소 사이의 관계를 면밀하게 분석하기 위해서는 두 요소 사이의 상관관계를 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 위성 자료를 활용하여 남극에서의 순복사량을 계산하고, 장기간 변화를 분석하였다. 순복사는 연구기간 동안 내륙에서 음의 분포를 보였으며, 해양에서는 양의 분포를 보였다. 순복사의 연간 변화의 경우 해양에서 알베도와 반대되는 변화가 관측되었다. 시계열 패턴은 알베도와 순복사가 서로 대칭되어 나타났으며, 두 요소 사이의 상관관계는 남극 내륙에서 -0.73의 높은 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 해양에서는 -0.32의 음의 상관관계를 보였다. Antarctica is important area in order to understand climate change. In addition, this area is complex region where indicate warming and cooling trend according to previous studies. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the long-term variability of Antarctic energy budget. Net radiation, one of energy budget factor, is affected by albedo, and albedo cause negative radiative forcing. It is necessary to analyze a relationship between albedo and net radiation in order to analyze relationship between two factors in Antarctic climate changes and ice-albedo feedback. In this study, we calculated net radiation using satellite data and performed an analysis of long-term variability of net radiation over Antarctica. In addition we analyzed correlation between albedo. As a results, net radiation indicates a negative value in land and positive value in ocean during study periods. As an annual changes, oceanic trend indicates an opposed to albedo. Time series pattern of net radiation is symmetrical with albedo. Correlation between the two factors indicate a negative correlation of -0.73 in the land and -0.32 in the ocean.

11 μm 휘도온도와 11-12 μm 휘도온도차의 상관성 분석을 활용한 해빙탐지 동적임계치 결정

진동현 ( Donghyun Jin ),이경상 ( Kyeong-sang Lee ),최성원 ( Sungwon Choi ),서민지 ( Minji Seo ),이다래 ( Darae Lee ),권채영 ( Chaeyoung Kwon ),김홍희 ( Honghee Kim ),이은경 ( Eunkyung Lee ),한경수 ( Kyung-soo Han ) 대한원격탐사학회 2017 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

지구 기후시스템의 중요구성인자인 해빙은 극지방과 고위도에 분포하는 특성상 위성을 통한 탐지가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 위성자료를 이용한 해빙탐지기법은 반사도와 휘도온도자료를 이용하며, 많은 연구에서 휘도온도자료를 통해 산출된 Ice Surface Temperature (IST)를 활용한 기법인 Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)의 해빙탐지기법을 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 IST산출과정이 생략된 단순하고 효율적인 동적임계값 기법을 활용한 해빙탐지기법을 제시하고자 한다. 동적임계값을 지정하기 위하여 해수의 어는점 이하의 화소를 대상으로 MODIS IST와 MODIS 11μm 채널의 휘도 온도, Brightness Temperature Difference (BTD: T_11μm-T_12μm)의 상호관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 세수치의 관계가 선형의 특징을 나타내었으며 이를 활용하여 임계값을 지정하였다. 청천역에서 지정한 임계값을 MODIS 11 μm 채널에 적용하여 해빙을 탐지하였다. 또한, 본 연구의 해빙탐지기법의 성능을 검증하기 위해 MODIS Sea ice extent를 이용하여 정확도를 분석하였으며 그 결과, Producer Accuracy (PA) 99%이상의 높은 정확도를 보였다. Sea ice which is an important component of the global climate system is being actively detected by satellite because it have been distributed to polar and high-latitude region. and the sea ice detection method using satellite uses reflectance and temperature data. the sea ice detection method of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which is a technique utilizing Ice Surface Temperature (IST) have been utilized by many studies. In this study, we propose a simple and effective method of sea ice detection using the dynamic threshold technique with no IST calculation process. In order to specify the dynamic threshold, pixels with freezing point of MODIS IST of 273.0 K or less were extracted. For the extracted pixels, we analyzed the relationship between MODIS IST, MODIS 11μm channel brightness temperature(T_11μm) and Brightness Temperature Difference (BTD: _T11μm-T_12μm). As a result of the analysis, the relationship between the three values showed a linear characteristic and the threshold value was designated by using this. In the case of sea ice detection, if T₁₁ μm is below the specified threshold value, it is detected as sea ice on clear sky. And in order to estimate the performance of the proposed sea ice detection method, the accuracy was analyzed using MODIS Sea ice extent and then validation accuracy was higher than 99% in Producer Accuracy (PA).