A Brief Review of the Traditional Indigenous Architecture of Canada

Henry Hing-Yip Tsang(Henry Hing-Yip Tsang ) 한국캐나다학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.25 No.2

The identity of Canadian architecture is hard to define. Many waves of immigration of all contributed in sculpting the built environment in Canadian cities. Identity has much to do with origins, therefore tracing Canadian architecture should start by studying the architecture of our First Nations and indigenous people. This paper briefly explores the roots of Canadian architecture tracing back to the various indigenous tribes of Canada and outlines the main characteristics of the vernacular architecture built by these people. This paper review seven major typologies of indigenous architecture found in Canada: the Wigwam, the Longhouse, the Tipi, the Pit House, the Thule Winter House, the Plank House and the Igloo. Different indigenous tribes construct different styles of architecture as shelters that respond to their particular abodes and lifestyle. For instance, tribes living in colder climates construct narrow entrance tunnels for preventing cold wind drifts, whiles other tribes dig earth and construct their shelters protected by tree bark and soil. Further, living styles also influence the different types of shelters. Nomadic tribes carry thin long logs and animal hide with them and construct Pit Houses in places where they spend days chasing bison herds. Other tribes, engaged in agriculture therefore need a more permanent residence, such as the Iroquois who build Longhouses with wood bark and mats. Although this paper is brief, it lays the foundation for those who wish to understand and pursue further research into the different typologies of indigenous architecture of Canada.

The Influence of Asian Immigration on the Architectural Culture of Canada: A Study on the Preservation of Asian Culture and Identity in Architecture in Canada

Henry Hing-Yip Tsang(Henry Hing-Yip Tsang ) 한국캐나다학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.23 No.2

Immigrants from Asian countries to Canada has a history dating back to the 18th Century, and Asian-Canadians today make up an increasingly significant part of the Canadian population. As these communities grow over generations, they become an integral part of the culture and heritage of Canada’s own culture of multiculturalism. Originating from Asia and reestablishing themselves in Canada, immigrants carry with them culture, customs and away of life to their new home, ranging from new food, fashion, customs, language and even the way to construct buildings. This paper studies the relationship of Asian immigrant communities with the spaces and buildings they occupy, and how they inhabit and adapted spaces, buildings and cities to represent the culture and identity of their country of origin. In particular, the paper will focus on three major Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Japanese and Korean, trace their paths and identify major tendencies in how each have attempted to preserve culture and express identity in the design of significant buildings in their communities. The research methodology consists firstly of literature review on the subject of Asian immigration and the mapping of major architectural style trends in Canada. Secondly, a selection of buildings were identified from each community for further analysis, including site visits, study of architectural drawings, plans, photographs, as well as interviews with building occupants to better understand the significance of these buildings and how they were conceived to represent their ethnic communities. Preliminary results indicate that the Chinese community, with along history of immigration to Canada, expresses identity mainly in the exterior appearance of the buildings. The Japanese community has a scattered history of immigration to Canada and the expression of identity is rather subdued and the expression is present mainly in the building’s interior. The Korean community is relatively young in Canada, and has a tendency to adapt existing spaces and buildings, while expressing culture and identity through signage and decoration.

A weaker notion of the finite factorization property

Henry Jiang,Shihan Kanungo,Hwisoo Kim 대한수학회 2024 대한수학회논문집 Vol.39 No.2

An (additive) commutative monoid is called atomic if every given non-invertible element can be written as a sum of atoms (i.e., irreducible elements), in which case, such a sum is called a factorization of the given element. The number of atoms (counting repetitions) in the corresponding sum is called the length of the factorization. Following Geroldinger and Zhong, we say that an atomic monoid $M$ is a length-finite factorization monoid if each $b \in M$ has only finitely many factorizations of any prescribed length. An additive submonoid of $\mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}$ is called a positive monoid. Factorizations in positive monoids have been actively studied in recent years. The main purpose of this paper is to give a better understanding of the non-unique factorization phenomenon in positive monoids through the lens of the length-finite factorization property. To do so, we identify a large class of positive monoids which satisfy the length-finite factorization property. Then we compare the length-finite factorization property to the bounded and the finite factorization properties, which are two properties that have been systematically investigated for more than thirty years.

ADAPTIVE SELLING IN TIMES OF UNCERTAINTY: A CASE STUDY ON INSURANCE AND UNIT TRUST INDUSTRY

Henry Chee Wei Cheah,Soo Yeong Ewe,Helen Hui Ping Ho 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Insurance and unit trust (also known as mutual funds) are high-involvement financial products that require investors to hold for long term to gain desired returns. These financial products are also considered unsought products, which require salespeople’s personal touch with their potential customers to make sales. Therefore, the relationship between salespeople and their potential or existing customers becomes crucial in the sales of insurance and unit trust. In theoretical terms, this relationship represents business ties. A strong business ties between the salespeople and the customers enable them to exchange resources and knowledge, and co-create values in their business relationships. Such exchange and co-creation of values are desirable in a business network. Weak ties are irregular and infrequent exchanges, creating structural holes that bring about an opportunity for bridging but have not yet been capitalized.

REVIEW OF URBAN AND REGIONAL POLICY AND ITS EFFECTS, VOL. 1

HENRY RENSKI 한국행정학회 2011 International Review of Public Administration Vol.15 No.3

Safety of a non-viral plasmid-encoding dual isoforms of hepatocyte growth factor in critical limb ischemia patients: a phase I study

Henry, T D,Hirsch, A T,Goldman, J,Wang, Y L,Lips, D L,McMillan, W D,Duval, S,Biggs, T A,Keo, H H Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011 Gene therapy Vol.18 No.8

We aimed to evaluate in a phase I dose-escalation study, the safety of intramuscular injections of a novel non-viral plasmid DNA expressing two isoforms of human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (VM202) in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). In total, 12 patients with CLI and unsuitable for revascularization were consecutively assigned to increasing doses (2 to 16 mg) of VM202 administered into the ischemic calf muscle at days 1 and 15. Patients were evaluated for safety and tolerability, changes in ankle- and toe brachial index (ABI and TBI), and pain severity score using a visual analog scale (VAS) throughout a 12-month follow-up period. Median age was 72 years and 53% of the patients were male. VM202 was safe and well tolerated with no death during the 12-month follow-up. Median ABI and TBI significantly increased from 0.35 to 0.52 (P=0.005) and from 0.15 to 0.24 (P=0.01) at 12 months follow-up. Median VAS decreased from 57.5 to 16.0 mm at 6 months follow-up (P=0.03). In this first human clinical trial, VM202, which expresses two isoforms of human HGF, appear to be safe and well tolerated with encouraging clinical results and thus supports the performance of a phase II randomized controlled trial.

The RTA Strategy of China : A Critical Visit

Henry Gao 한국국제경제법학회 2008 국제경제법연구 Vol.6 No.-

The Use of the UNIDROIT Principles as Neutral Law in Arbitration

Henry Deeb Gabriel 한국중재학회 2013 중재연구 Vol.23 No.3

This article discusses the use of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts in international commercial arbitration. Because the Principles are designed specifically for cross‐border commercial transactions, the use of the Principles avoids many of the legal rules that would govern from otherwise applicable domestic law that do not reflect the expectations of parties in international trade.

Load Carriage Increases Tibial Strain Rate

( Henry Wang ),( Clark Dickin ),( Mohammad Kia ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: To determine the effect of incremented load carriage on tibial bone strain rate. Method: Forty recreational runners (n=20, 21±2 yr.) and basketball players (n=20, 21±2 yr.) participated in this study. Participants completed four walking tasks: walking with 0kg, 15kg, 25kg, and 35kg loads. Each task was performed for 5 min on a force instrumented treadmill (AMTI) at 1.67 m/s. Participants` tibial bone models obtained from CT scans were combined with subject- specific musculoskeletal models for forward-dynamic computer simulations and finite element analyses. Strain rate of the middle third of the tibial bone shaft were analyzed. One-way ANOVAs were performed. α = 0.05. Result: Significant differences in strain rate were found among walking conditions (P<0.05). The means ± SEs of runner`s bone strain rates (μs/s) during load carriages (0kg, 15kg, 25kg, and 35kg) were 7956±24, 9478±27, 11562±33, and 11583±37 in compression, respectively; and 6647±20, 7902±23, 9552±29, and 9617±33 in tension, respectively. For the ball players, the 0kg, 15kg, 25kg, and 35kg load carriages result in compressive strain rates (μs/s) of 7883±23, 9034±26, 10293±32, and 11661±36, respectively; and tensile strain rates (μs/s) of 6557±19, 7432±23, 8632±27, and 10013±32, respectively. In addition, runners showed greater strain rates than the ball players when carrying 15kg and 25kg loads (P<0.05). Conclusion: load carriage leads to increases in tibial bone strain rates. In particular, for people engaging in basketball, a dose-response relationship exists between the incremented load carriage from 0kg to 35kg and tibia strain rates. For people engaging in running, the dose-response relationship exists from 0kg to 35kg for the tensile strain rates and from 0kg to 25kg for the compressive strain rates. As the military recruits are often afflicted by lower-extremity overuse injuries such as tibial stress fracture, it is necessary to determine the mechanisms associate with the injuries. Load carriage is an essential task during military basic training. The increases in bone strain rates during load carriage appear to expose trainees to an increased risk of tibial stress fracture. Also, with small strain rates exhibited, it is evident that tibia may benefit from a history of playing basketball for resisting external load.

Quotas and Quality in an International Duopoly

( Henry Thompson ),( George Sweeney ),( T. Randolph Beard ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.2

This paper examines possible adjustments to a change in a binding quota in the context of an international duopoly. Consumers directly value embodied quality of goods, which is chosen simultaneously with quantity, and before quantity in a sequential model. Possible responses to a small change in a binding quota are derived. The same three types of equilibria occur in the simultaneous and sequential models. Foreign quality downgrading can occur if domestic quality falls, and is more likely starting with a low quantity of high quality imports. Domestic quality and quantity respond in opposite directions. Welfare effects are discussed.