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Yousaf Hameed Khattak,Faisal Baig,Hanae Toura,Shafi Ullah,Bernabé Marí,Saira Beg,Hanif Ullah 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.6
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is non-toxic earth abundant material and a promising quaternary semiconductor compound of group I-II-IV-VI having kesterite symmetrical structure. Due to its optimum direct band gap, it has been considered suitable material for absorber layer for photovoltaic solar cell applications. This paper presents numerical modeling of experimentally designed CZTS solar cell by applying CZTSe as back surface field (BSF) layer. In this work we reproduced results for experimentally designed CZTS solar cell in SCAPS software. The simulated results are validated and compared with real experimental results. After optimization of cell parameters conversion efficiency of an optimized device is increased up to 6.42% (with CZTS thickness of 0.8 μm). With further optimization and applying CZTSe BSF layer conversion efficiency increased up to 12.92%. Under 1.5 AM illumination condition from the proposed cell promising results had been achieved with short circuit current (Jsc) 27.41 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) 744.4mV, fill factor (FF) 63.35% and corresponding to a total area conversion efficiency of 12.92%.
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Urmy Nushrat Jahan,Hossain Md. Mokbul,Shamim Abu Ahmed,Khan Md. Showkat Ali,Hanif Abu Abdullah Mohammad,Hasan Mehedi,Akter Fahmida,Mitra Dipak Kumar,Hossaine Moyazzam,Ullah Mohammad Aman,Sarker Samir 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.6
Objectives To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. Methods Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018–2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. Conclusion The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
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