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Chandran, A.K.N.,Priatama, R.A.,Kumar, V.,Xuan, Y.,Je, B.I.,Kim, C.M.,Jung, K.H.,Han, C.d. G. Fischer 2016 Journal of plant physiology Vol.200 No.-
<P>Nitrogen (N) is the most important macronutrient for plant growth and grain yields. For rice crops, nitrate and ammonium are the major N sources. To explore the genomic responses to ammonium supplements in rice roots, we used 17-day-old seedlings grown in the absence of external N that were then exposed to 0.5 mM (NH4)(2)SO4 for 3 h. Transcriptomic profiles were examined by microarray experiments. In all, 634 genes were up-regulated at least two-fold by the N-supplement when compared with expression in roots from untreated control plants. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that those upregulated genes are associated with 23 GO terms. Among them, metabolic processes for diverse amino acids (i.e., aspartate, threonine, tryptophan, glutamine, L-phenylalanine, and thiamin) as well as nitrogen compounds are highly over-represented, demonstrating that our selected genes are suitable for studying the N-response in roots. This enrichment analysis also indicated that nitrogen is closely linked to diverse transporter activities by primary metabolites, including proteins (amino acids), lipids, and carbohydrates, and is associated with carbohydrate catabolism and cell wall organization. Integration of results from omics analysis of metabolic pathways and transcriptome data using the MapMan tool suggested that the TCA cycle and pathway for mitochondrial electron transport are co-regulated when rice roots are exposed to ammonium. We also investigated the expression of N-responsive marker genes by performing a comparative analysis with root samples from plants grown under different NH4+ treatments. The diverse responses to such treatment provide useful insight into the global changes related to the shift from an N-deficiency to an enhanced N-supply in rice, a model crop plant. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</P>
Chandran, D.,Lee, K.M.,Chang, H.C.,Song, G.Y.,Lee, J.E.,Suh, H.,Kim, I. Elsevier Sequoia 2012 Journal of organometallic chemistry Vol.718 No.-
An electrophilic substitution-carbonylation reaction on phenylpyridine based on the concept of 'umpolung' was used to prepare a series of pyridine based carbonyl compounds and bispyridine derivatives. The key intermediate which enhances this reaction is a base aggregate formed by the association of BuLi with lithium 2-dimethylaminoethanolate (LiDMAE) which is stabilized in nonpolar solvents. The presence of polar chelating amides that are used as acyl donors was found to collapse the superbase aggregates liberating nucleophilic 'free' BuLi. These nucleophiles lead a classical nucleophilic reaction to introduce butyl tails on the pre-ligand molecules. Pyridine carbonyl compounds produced by these electrophilic substitution-carbonylation reactions, on treatment with 2,6-diisopropylaniline and (DME)NiBr<SUB>2</SUB> in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature, gave Ni(II) complexes in good yields in a one pot protocol. These complexes are active toward ethylene, producing selective dimerization and trimerization products.
Effect of Residual Stress on Femoral Arterial Stress-Strain Behavior
Chandran, K.B.,Mun, J.H.,Chen, J.S.,Nagaraj, A.,McPherson, D.D. The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.15 No.7
It is well established that arteries are subjected to residual stress. Due to the effect of residual stress, the arteries open to a horse-shoe shape when a longitudinal cut is made on an excised arterial segment. Previously, the residual stress has been quantified by the opening angle of the horse-shoe shape. We have employed a finite element analysis of the open arterial segment to restore the same to the original cylindrical shape and computed the circumferential strain as well as the stress distribution in the wall. In this study, the stress distribution in the femoral arteries of miniswine was computed with and without the residual stress for a range of transmural pressures. Our analysis showed that the residual stress has the effect of redistribution of the circumferential stresses between the intima and the adventitia under physiological loading. The redistribution of the stress with the inclusion of residual stress may be important in the studies on effect of wall stresses on the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells.
K.W. Goh,Y.H. Wong,R.S.K. Singh,Hari Chandran,S.K. Wong,K.Y. Sara Lee 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.2
The extraction of calcium from natural biowaste material such as chicken eggshells have been shown to be viable to synthesiscalcium phosphate bioceramic. In this work, eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite powder was synthesised by using the wetchemical precipitation technique coupled with microwave irradiation at low power (700 W) at varying exposure time from 5to 30 min. The derived nano-powders were examined to determine the phases present, chemical bonding and microstructuralevolution. It was revealed that the irradiation time has an effect on the degree of crystallinity and both the crystallite andparticle size of the derived powders although the hydroxyapatite phase stability was not disrupted. An exposure time of 15 min. was determined to be sufficient when subjected to low power microwave irradiation to formed a well-defined needle-likehydroxyapatite particles having an average crystallite size of about 22 nm. On the contrary to many literatures, this study hasdemonstrated the viability of synthesizing a useful bioceramic from using biowaste eggshells coupled with microwaveirradiation at low power of 700 W for very short period of time to produce nano-range needle-like hydroxyapatite particlessuitable for biomedical application.
Sintering behavior and characteristic of bio-based hydroxyapatite coating deposited on titanium
M. A. Roudan,S. Ramesh,Y.H. Wong,H. Chandran,S. Krishnasamy,W.D. Teng,L.T. Bang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.9
Deposition of hydroxyapatite derived from bio-waste eggshell on titanium substrate via electrophoretic deposition method andthe thermal stability of the resulting coating were investigated. The coated substrates was sintered at different temperatures ranging from 900 oC to 1100 oC in argon atmosphere prior to characterisation. The results indicated that a crack-free HA coating layer having an average thickness of 20 µm was successfully deposited at the optimum temperature of 1050 oC. The XRD analysis indicated that the sintered coated substrates was fully HA phase and was stable up to 1050 oC, with Ca/P ratioof 1.67. The SEM results showed that good bonding was achieved between the HA coating and the Ti substrate. There was also no secondary phase formation at the joint interface. This study demonstrate the viability of using electrophoretic deposition method to coat a thin layer of bio-based HA onto titanium without disrupting the biocompatibility nature of the HA phase.
Integrative Functional Genomic Analyses Implicate Specific Molecular Pathways and Circuits in Autism
Parikshak, Neelroop N.,Luo, R.,Zhang, A.,Won, H.,Lowe, Jennifer K.,Chandran, V.,Horvath, S.,Geschwind, Daniel H. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2013 Cell Vol.155 No.5
Genetic studies have identified dozens of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility genes, raising two critical questions: (1) do these genetic loci converge on specific biological processes, and (2) where does the phenotypic specificity of ASD arise, given its genetic overlap with intellectual disability (ID)? To address this, we mapped ASD and ID risk genes onto coexpression networks representing developmental trajectories and transcriptional profiles representing fetal and adult cortical laminae. ASD genes tightly coalesce in modules that implicate distinct biological functions during human cortical development, including early transcriptional regulation and synaptic development. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that translational regulation by FMRP and transcriptional coregulation by common transcription factors connect these processes. At a circuit level, ASD genes are enriched in superficial cortical layers and glutamatergic projection neurons. Furthermore, we show that the patterns of ASD and ID risk genes are distinct, providing a biological framework for further investigating the pathophysiology of ASD.