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Economic Geography, Comparative Advantage and Trade within Industries : Evidence from the OECD
Greenaway, David,Torstensson, Johan 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2000 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.15 No.2
A large share of world trade, especially among the OECD countries, is twoway trade within industries, so called intra-industry trade. Despite this, few attempts have been made to examine why countries export some products within industries, whereas they import others. We examine this issue, by focusing on the shares of IIT that are vertical and horizontal and by examining price dispersion. The regression results suggest that an abundant human capital endowment as well as a large domestic market increases the quality of OECD countries' manufacturing exports, thus offering support for comparative advantage models as well as newer geography models.
( David Greenaway ),( Chris Milner ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.4
The European Union (EU) has more preferential trading arrangements than any other trading entity. For a quarter of a century African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries have benefited from unreciprocated preferential access to the EU market under a succession of Lome Arrangements. Sunset provisions now apply to these concessions and after 2007 unreciprocated preferences will end. The EU is proposing that a network of regional Economic Partnership Agreements (REPAs) replace Lome. This is a new form of regional trading arrangement for both the EU and ACP countries. In this paper we develop an analytical framework for evaluating the impact effects of a REPA and apply this to estimate costs and benefits in the CARICOM region. Our results suggest that a REPA would be inferior on welfare grounds to either extended reciprocity with the EU and US, or broader multilateral liberalisation.
Economic Geography, Comparative Advantage and Trade within Industries: Evidence from the OECD
( David Greenaway ),( Johan Torstensson ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2000 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.15 No.2
A large share of world trade, especially among the OECD countries, is twoway trade within industries, so called intra-industry trade. Despite this, few attempts have been made to examine why countries export some products with-in industries, whereas they import others. We examine this issue, by focusing on the shares of IIT that are vertical and horizontal and by examining price dispersion. The regression results suggest that an abundant human capital endowment as well as a large domestic market increases the quality of OECD-Journal countries` manufacturing exports, thus of fering support for comparative advantage models as well as newer geography models. (JEL Classifications: F12, F13)
North-South Trade, Knowledge Spillovers and Growth
( David Greenaway ),( Rod Falvey ),( Neil Foster ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2002 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.17 No.4
The endogenous growth literature has stimulated empirical research into links between trade and growth in general and international knowledge spillovers in particular. Results relating to the latter have been mixed and the issue of the appropriate construction of the spillover variable remains contentious. In this paper we develop measures taking account of whether knowledge is a public or private good in the donor and recipient countries, and include these in a dynamic panel model of growth. For a sample of five OECD donor countries and 52 developing recipient countries, we conclude that it matters little whether we treat knowledge as a private or public good in the donor but that spillovers, if they exist, act as a public good in the recipient. We also find that the level of trade is important in facilitating knowledge spillovers from donors to recipients.
Standardization and Estimation of the Number of Factors for Panel Data
Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy,한치록,설동규 한국계량경제학회 2012 계량경제학보 Vol.23 No.2
Practitioners often standardize panel data before estimating a factor model. In this paper we show an example that the standardization leads to inconsistent estimation of the factor number. When the common component exhibits strong heteroskedasticity, the conventional eigenvalue-based decompositions are consistent but standardization does not necessarily result in consistent estimation. To overcome this issue, we recommend using a “minimum-rule” whereby the minimum factor-number estimated from both the conventional and standardized panel is used. Monte Carlo studies and an empirical application are provided.
Exchange Rate Uncertainty and Export Decisions in the UK
( David Greenaway ),( Richard Kneller ),( Xufei Zhang ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2010 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.25 No.4
Using data on UK manufacturing firms, we examine the effects of exchange rate uncertainty on firm decisions on export market entry and export intensity. The use of micro data and new measures of exchange rate uncertainty enable us to test for hysteresis effects in a new way and to test the sensitivity of results to a range of different measures. The results show that exchange rate uncertainty has little effect on firms` export participation but a significant impact on export intensity. We find that industry heterogeneity is important and there would be serious problems of aggregation using pooling and aggregate data.
Standardization and Estimation of Factor Numbers for Panel Data
Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy,Chirok Han,Donggyu Sul 한국계량경제학회 2012 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY AND ECONOMETRICS Vol.23 No.2
Practitioners often standardize panel data before estimating a factor model. In this paper we show an example that the standardization leads to inconsistent estimation of the factor number. When the common component exhibits strong heteroskedasticity, the conventional eigenvalue-based decompositions are consistent but standardization does not necessarily result in consistent estimation. To overcome this issue, we recommend using a “minimum-rule” whereby the minimum factor-number estimated from both the conventional and standardized panel is used. Monte Carlo studies and an empirical application are provided.
A zeolite family with expanding structural complexity and embedded isoreticular structures
Guo, Peng,Shin, Jiho,Greenaway, Alex G.,Min, Jung Gi,Su, Jie,Choi, Hyun June,Liu, Leifeng,Cox, Paul A.,Hong, Suk Bong,Wright, Paul A.,Zou, Xiaodong Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2015 Nature Vol.524 No.7563
The prediction and synthesis of new crystal structures enable the targeted preparation of materials with desired properties. Among porous solids, this has been achieved for metal–organic frameworks, but not for the more widely applicable zeolites, where new materials are usually discovered using exploratory synthesis. Although millions of hypothetical zeolite structures have been proposed, not enough is known about their synthesis mechanism to allow any given structure to be prepared. Here we present an approach that combines structure solution with structure prediction, and inspires the targeted synthesis of new super-complex zeolites. We used electron diffraction to identify a family of related structures and to discover the structural ‘coding’ within them. This allowed us to determine the complex, and previously unknown, structure of zeolite ZSM-25 (ref. 8), which has the largest unit-cell volume of all known zeolites (91,554 cubic ångströms) and demonstrates selective CO<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption. By extending our method, we were able to predict other members of a family of increasingly complex, but structurally related, zeolites and to synthesize two more-complex zeolites in the family, PST-20 and PST-25, with much larger cell volumes (166,988 and 275,178 cubic ångströms, respectively) and similar selective adsorption properties. Members of this family have the same symmetry, but an expanding unit cell, and are related by hitherto unrecognized structural principles; we call these family members embedded isoreticular zeolite structures.
North-South Trade, Knowledge Spillovers and Growth
Falvey, Rod,Foster, Neil,Greenaway, David 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2002 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.17 No.4
The endogenous growth literature has stimulated empirical researach into links between trade and growth in general and international knowledge spillovers in particular. Results relating to the latter have been mixed and the issue of the approproate construction of the spillover variable remains contentious. In this paper we good in the donor and recipient countries, and include these in a dynamic panel model of growth. For a sample of five OECD donor countries and 52 developing recipient countries, we conclude that it matters little whether we treat knowledge as a private or public good in the donor but that spillovers, if they exist, act as a public good in the recipient. We also find that the level of trade is important in facilitating knowledge spillovers from donors to recipients.
Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants: AMPGas
Gibson, J. A. Arran,Mangano, Enzo,Shiko, Elenica,Greenaway, Alex G.,Gromov, Andrei V.,Lozinska, Magdalena M.,Friedrich, Daniel,Campbell, Eleanor E. B.,Wright, Paul A.,Brandani, Stefano American Chemical Society 2016 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.55 No.13
<P>The key challenge in postcombustion capture from gas-fired power plants is related to the low CO2 concentration in the flue gas (4-8% by volume). This means that conventional amine processes will result in a relatively high energy penalty, whereas novel adsorbents and adsorption processes have the potential to improve the efficiency of separation. High-selectivity adsorbents are required to achieve relatively high CO2 uptake at low partial pressures, which means that the separation process should be based on either very strong physisorption or chemisorption with thermal regeneration. From the process point of view, the main challenge is to develop efficient separation processes with rapid thermal cycles. In this report we present a detailed overview of the methodology behind the development of novel materials and processes as part of the 'Adsorption Materials and Processes for Gas-fired power plants' (AMPGas) project. Examples from a wide variety of materials tested are presented, and the design of an innovative bench-scale 12-column rotary wheel adsorber system is discussed. The strategy to design, characterize, and test novel materials (zeolites, amine-containing MOFs, amine-based silicas, amine-based activated carbons, and carbon nanotubes), specifically designed for CO2 capture from dilute streams is presented.</P>