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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Gobchok Wuthichotwanichgij (검색결과 2 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
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Low-Oxygen Atmosphere and its Predictors among Agricultural Shallow Wells in Northern Thailand
Wuthichotwanichgij, Gobchok,Geater, Alan F. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.1
Background: In 2006, three farmers died at the bottom of an agricultural shallow well where the atmosphere contained only 6% oxygen. This study aimed to document the variability of levels of oxygen and selected hazardous gases in the atmosphere of wells, and to identify ambient conditions associated with the low-oxygen situation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, conducted in June 2007 and July 2007, measured the levels of oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and explosive gas (percentage of lower explosive limit) at different depths of the atmosphere inside 253 wells in Kamphaengphet and Phitsanulok provinces. Ambient conditions and well use by farmers were recorded. Carbon dioxide was measured in a subset of wells. Variables independently associated with low-oxygen condition (<19.5%) were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: One in five agricultural shallow wells had a low-oxygen status, with oxygen concentration decreasing with increasing depth within the well. The deepest-depth oxygen reading ranged from 0.0% to 20.9%. Low levels of other hazardous gases were detected in a small number of wells. The low-oxygen status was independently associated with the depth of the atmosphere column to the water surface [odds ratio (OR) = 13.5 for 8-11 m vs. <6 m], depth of water (OR = 0.17 for 3-<8 m vs. 0-1 m), well cover (OR = 3.95), time elapsed since the last rainfall (OR = 7.44 for >2 days vs. <1 day), and location of well in sandy soil (OR = 3.72). Among 11 wells tested, carbon dioxide was detected in high concentration (>25,000 ppm) in seven wells with a low oxygen level. Conclusion: Oxygen concentrations in the wells vary widely even within a small area and decrease with increasing depth.
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Low-Oxygen Atmosphere and its Predictors among Agricultural Shallow Wells in Northern Thailand
Gobchok Wuthichotwanichgij,Alan F. Geater 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.1
Background: In 2006, three farmers died at the bottom of an agricultural shallow well where the atmospherecontained only 6% oxygen. This study aimed to document the variability of levels of oxygenand selected hazardous gases in the atmosphere of wells, and to identify ambient conditions associatedwith the low-oxygen situation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, conducted in June 2007 and July 2007, measured the levels of oxygen,carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and explosive gas (percentage of lower explosive limit) at differentdepths of the atmosphere inside 253 wells in Kamphaengphet and Phitsanulok provinces. Ambientconditions and well use by farmers were recorded. Carbon dioxide was measured in a subset of wells. Variables independently associated with low-oxygen condition (<19.5%) were identified using multivariatelogistic regression. Results: One in five agricultural shallow wells had a low-oxygen status, with oxygen concentrationdecreasing with increasing depth within the well. The deepest-depth oxygen reading ranged from 0.0%to 20.9%. Low levels of other hazardous gases were detected in a small number of wells. The low-oxygenstatus was independently associated with the depth of the atmosphere column to the water surface[odds ratio (OR) ¼ 13.5 for 8e11 m vs. <6 m], depth of water (OR ¼ 0.17 for 3e<8 m vs. 0e1 m), wellcover (OR ¼ 3.95), time elapsed since the last rainfall (OR ¼ 7.44 for >2 days vs. <1 day), and location ofwell in sandy soil (OR ¼ 3.72). Among 11 wells tested, carbon dioxide was detected in high concentration(>25,000 ppm) in seven wells with a low oxygen level. Conclusion: Oxygen concentrations in the wells vary widely even within a small area and decrease withincreasing depth.
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