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Li-Ning: A Chinese Sports Brand Regaining its Glory
Wang Chenqi Alicia,Wang Yaxin Evelyn,LEUNG Ngai Hang Zachary Academy of Asian Business (AAB) 2022 Academy of Asian Business Review Vol.8 No.2
This paper mainly dives into how Li Ning rose from obscurity to become one of China's most successful local sports brands. Although it grew rapidly from the brand's inception in 1989 due to China's rapid economic development and peaked during the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Li Ning faced multiple failed efforts after 2010 due to intense competition, unsuitable marketing strategy and massive overstocks. After 2014, Li Ning restructured by integrating its current capabilities while continuing to innovate, utilizing the DTC (Direct to Customer) Retail System to differentiate itself from its competitors and advance to the global arena. The objective of this article is to provide the readers with an example of implementing a comprehensive foresight strategy regarding social and market trends. This paper first highlights the main events in Li Ning's history as well as the three key components that led to the company's success: product, promotion & sales channels, and retail capabilities. Li Ning's unconventional product designs, combined with its diverse marketing and efficient supply chain, has resoundingly boosted its market share, and attracted consumers of all ages, demonstrating the impact and value of its brand. Furthermore, by assessing Li Ning's challenges, including foreign market rejection, product defects, and the COVID-19 pandemic, the team offered feasible suggestions for coping with current obstacles and reacting to future market trends. Finally, this case study will assist different stakeholders in comprehending various tactics of Li Ning since the brand has achieved pioneering breakthroughs and sustainable growth. Lessons learned from Li Ning's case can contribute a practical business model and guidance to similar sportswear brands on how to fit the local culture, strengthen their competitiveness and expand overseas markets.
Wang, Zhiyue J.,Seo, Youngseob,Babcock, Evelyn,Huang, Hao,Bluml, Stefan,Wisnowski, Jessica,Holshouser, Barbara,Panigrahy, Ashok,Shaw, Dennis W.W.,Altman, Nolan,McColl, Roderick W.,Rollins, Nancy K. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016 Journal of applied clinical medical physics Vol.17 No.3
<P>The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of assessing quality of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from multiple sites and vendors using American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom. Participating sites (Siemens (n=2), GE (n=2), and Philips (n=4)) reached consensus on parameters for DTI and used the widely available ACR phantom. Tensor data were processed at one site. <SUB>B0</SUB> and eddy current distortions were assessed using grid line displacement on phantom Slice 5; signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was measured at the center and periphery of the b=0 image; fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were assessed using phantom Slice 7. Variations of acquisition parameters and deviations from specified sequence parameters were recorded. Nonlinear grid line distortion was higher with linear shimming and could be corrected using the 2nd order shimming. Following image registration, eddy current distortion was consistently smaller than acquisition voxel size. SNR was consistently higher in the image periphery than center by a factor of 1.3–2.0. ROI‐based FA ranged from 0.007 to 0.024. ROI‐based MD ranged from 1.90×<SUP>10−3</SUP> to 2.33×<SUP>10−3</SUP><SUP>mm2</SUP>/s(median=2.04×<SUP>10−3</SUP><SUP>mm2</SUP>/s). Two sites had image void artifacts. The ACR phantom can be used to compare key quality measures of diffusion images acquired from multiple vendors at multiple sites.</P><P>PACS number(s): 87.57.‐s, 87.19.lf</P>
Evaluation of Heat Transfer Fluids for Solar Thermal Applications
Youngsuk Nam(남영석),Andrej Lenert,Evelyn Wang 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12
The choice of heat transfer fluids has significant effects on the performance, cost and reliability of solar thermal collector. We evaluate existing heat transfer fluids such as oils and molten salts based on new figure of merit capturing the combined effects of thermal storage capacity, convective heat transfer characteristics and hydraulic performance of the fluids. Other issues including thermal stability, freezing point and safety are also discussed. This work will help evaluate and engineer heat transfer fluids for solar thermal applications such as solar thermal power plants.
Microplastics Exposure Routes and Toxicity Studies to Ecosystems: An Overview
Christian Ebere Enyoh,Leila Shafea,Andrew Wirnkor Verla,Evelyn Ngozi Verla,Wang Qingyue,Tanzin Chowdhury,Marcel Paredes 환경독성보건학회 2020 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Microplastics (MPs) are now ubiquitous in global ecosystem, therefore all biota is at risk of exposure and potential toxicity. In this study, we presented an overview of information based on literature concerning exposure to MPs and the toxicity of such exposure. Currently, four major routes of exposure have been identified including entanglement, contact, ingestion and inhalation. Humans maybe the most exposed organism because they are at the peak of the food chain. Toxicology effect to marine and freshwater organisms are classified based on exposure dosage as either high (mortality, decreased reproductive output, organ damage) or low (changes in behavior with time). On plants, reports have shown that MPs exposure can affect negatively the growth and depending on exposure concentration and types of MPs and oxidative activities. However, effects on plants maybe short-term and transient. Although, toxicity studies regarding human are still ongoing as per reports, plants and animals are still scantly studied. Animal toxicity studies have widely used D. magna as model specie. MPs pollution may have a knock-on effect on trophic structure and functioning of ecosystems by affecting the base of the food chain. We concluded by identifying the gap in knowledge and give recommendations for future research.