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A Finite-time Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems
Ehsan Rouhani,Abbas Erfanian 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.4
In this study, a new adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode (AFTSM) control is presented for control of uncertain nonlinear systems with disturbances. The proposed controller incorporates terminal-based gradient descent (GD) algorithm and fuzzy logic system into a continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode. The nonlinear dynamics of the system to be controlled are approximated with the fuzzy logic system and an adaptive law based on the terminal-based GD is proposed for online updating the parameters. The most advantage of the proposed terminal-based GD is the finite-time convergence compared to the conventional GD learning algorithm. It is proved that under the proposed terminal sliding mode and updating law, the tracking and approximation errors converge to the neighbourhood of zero in a very short time. Simulation results are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed AFTSM control through the control of a second-order system and a two-link rigid robotic manipulator. The simulation results show that faster and high-precision tracking performance is obtained compared with the conventional continuous terminal sliding mode control methods. Moreover, the proposed terminal sliding mode is applied to control of joint movement generated by functional electrical stimulation. The experiment results verify that accurate control of movement is obtained using the proposed control scheme.
( Omid Nikpayam ),( Mohammad Hossein Rouhani ),( Makan Pourmasoumi ),( Neda Roshanravan ),( Ehsan Ghaedi ),( Hamed Mohammadi ) 한국임상영양학회 2018 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.7 No.2
Pycnogenol is a standardized extract from the bark of the French maritime pine. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to clarify the effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. To identify eligible studies in order to find clinical trials which examined the effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on the level of CRP in adult participants, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched until December 2017. Mean of CRP was collected to estimate the effect size of the supplementation. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Five trials including 324 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect size showed significant effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on CRP (-1.22 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval, -2.43, -0.003; I<sup>2</sup> = 99%, p<sub>heterogeneity</sub> < 0.001). When the meta-analysis was subgrouped by dose of Pycnogenol, heterogeneity was attenuated in > 150 mg/d category (I<sup>2</sup> = 0.0%, p = 0.42). There was significant difference between-subgroup heterogeneity (p < 0.001). Furthermore, no evidence of publication bias for CRP (p = 0.27, Begg's test and p = 0.62, Egger's test) was seen. Present systematic review and meta-analysis suggested Pycnogenol consumption can decrease the level of CRP and have anti-inflammatory effect. So, Pycnogenol as an anti-inflammatory agent might be a priority in interventions. Further studies with large-scale and better design are needed to confirm this result.