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Potential estrogenicity of sediment in Youngsan River
Cuong N. Duong,Byoung Cheun Lee,Daniel Schlenk,Sang Don Kim 대한환경공학회 2007 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.12
Estrogenicity of sediments at different sites of Youngsan River, including upstream and downstream sites of Gwangju waste water treatment plant (GWWTP), were measured in two years of 2006 and 2007. In order to estimate the endocrine-disrupting effect, we measured the concentration of Vitellogenin (Vtg), a phospholipoglyco protein precursor of egg yolk protein has been determined as a biomarker of estrogenic effects in various fish species. In this study, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is used to evaluate the estrogenic effects of sediment samples in Youngsan River. After 7 days exposure, the fish`s liver was dissected and homogenized. After centrifugation, supernatants were taken and preserved at -75 Celsius degree until next experiment. Vtg was measure by ELISA assay kit (from Biosense Laboratories, Norway). The initial results showed significant increasing trends of Vtg concentration in fish exposed to sediment samples at all sites. This study suggested a further research for more understanding of EDCs` fate and mechanisms in Youngsan River.
국내 5 하수처리장에서 E-screen과 Yeast two-hybrid assay에 의한 에스트로겐 활성도와 내분비계장애물질 농도의 평가
이병천(Byung Cheun Lee),이지호(Ji Ho Lee),김현영(Hyun Young Kim),Cuong N. Duong,나진성(Jin Sung Ra),장남익(Nam Ik Chang),김현구(Hyun Koo Kim),김상돈(Sang Don Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.10
환경 중에 배출되어 인간을 포함하여 척추동물의 내분비계에 영향을 미치는 내분비계장애물질(endocrine disrupting compounds; EDCs)은 하수처리장 방류수가 주요 오염원인 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 5곳 하수처리장에서 7종(nonylphenol, octylphenol, BPA, estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(e₂), 17α-ethynyl estradiol(Ee₂), genistein)의 내분비계장애물질의 농도를 조사하고, E-screen과 Yeast two-hybrid assay를 이용하여 에스트로겐 활성도(estrogenic activity)를 분석하였다. 하수처리장에서 GC/MS로 분석된 7종의 내분비계장 애물질의 농도 결과, 하수처리 공정에서 슬러지 흡착이나 미생물분해로 유입수에 비하여 유출수에서 크게 감소하였다. Ee₂와 genistein은 방류수에서 분석 검출한계 이하로 나타났으며, 천연호르몬인 E1과 e₂는 하수처리로 각각 89.0%, 73.1%의 높은 농도 제거율을 나타내었으며, 방류수 중의 에스트로겐 활성의 대부분을 차지하였다. E-screen assay로 하수처리장 유입수와 유출수의 에스트로겐 활성도를 분석한 결과 22.4와 19.8 ng-EEQ/L로 나타내어 91%의 감소율을 보였으며, Yeast two-hybrid assay에 의한 결과도 크게 감소하는 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 5곳 하수처리장 방류수의 E-screen 결과, 에스트로겐 활성을 나타내는 주요 기여물질이 E1과 e₂인 것으로 나타났다. Effluents from sewage treatment plants(STPs) is a potential source of environmental endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) which are known to disrupt the endocrine system of animals, including humans and many aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the environmental concentrations of 7 target chemicals(nonylphenol, octylphenol, BPA, estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(e₂), 17α-ethynyl estradiol (Ee₂) and genistein) at 5 STPs and their corresponding estrogenic activities using E-screen and Yeast two-hybrid assay. The average concentrations of 7 compounds detected by gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry appeared at high levels in influents and lower levels in effluents, which suggested the removal mechanisms through sorption by sludge and subsequent biodegradation processes. Amongst, Ee₂ and genistein were not found in the effluents. The natural estrogens, E1 and e₂, which is known to contribute mostly to the estrogenic potency in effluents, showed high removal ratios of 89.0% and 73.1%, respectively. The estrogen equivalent concentrations(EEQ) by E-screen assay in the STPs were 22.4 ng EEQ/L for influent and 1.98 ng EEQ/L for effluent, which account for 91% decrease in estrogenic activity and well matched with the result of Yeast two-hybrid assay. These results showed the dominant estrogenic compounds at 5 STPs are E1 and e₂ and represents most of the estrogenic activity by E-screen.
Oxidative stress in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to $TiO_2$ nanoparticles
Lee, Byoung Cheun,Kim, Kyung Tae,Cho, Jae Gu,Lee, Jae Woo,Ryu, Tae Kwon,Yoon, Jun Heon,Lee, Sang Hee,Duong, Cuong N.,Eom, Ig Chun,Kim, Pil Je,Choi, Kyung Hee 대한독성유전단백체학회 2012 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.8 No.4
Acute toxicity and oxidative stress caused by exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles ($TiO_2$-NPs) in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. $TiO_2$-NPs solution was prepared using deionized water and dispersed by sonication. Juvenile carp were exposed to different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L) of $TiO_2$-NPs. $TiO_2$-NP characteristics (particle morphology, size distribution, and zeta-potential) were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Different tissue samples (skin, liver, brain, and gill) of fish were dissected, and the biochemical responses (catalase [CAT] and glutathione S-transferase [GST] activities) were measured. The results showed that acute exposure to $TiO_2$-NPs induced GST and CAT levels to vary in all observed organs. The effective concentration of $TiO_2$-NPs was 20 mg/L in the liver and brain and 40 mg/L in the gill. Histopathological changes were as follows: (1) skin: hypertrophy and increased number of mucous cells and thickening of the epidermal layer; (2) gill: hypertrophy of chloride cells, degeneration of mucous cells, and increased acidification of mucous cells; and (3) liver: hyperplasia and cytoplasm vacuolation of hepatic cells. No lethal effects were observed during the acute test. Our results show that there is a potential risk of $TiO_2$-NP exposure to aquatic organisms in the environment.