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MARRIS,J.M,DLUGOKENCKY,E.J,CHUNG,P.P,FUNH,I 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 1994 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.2
Methane measurements from weekly air samples collected at Tae-ahn Peninsula. Korea (TAP) present new constraints on the regional methane source strength of eastern Asia. Analysis of atmospheric trajectories shows that the lowest methane values observed at Tae-ahn are associated with southeasterly flow off the tropical Pacific Ocean and are similar to those observed at Cape Kumukahi, Hawaii. During June to August, northwesterly flow from the peat-rich wetlands located in the maritime provinces of the Far East former Soviet Union elevates methane at TAP by∼80 ppb above the annual mean. Analysis of the Tae-ahn observations using a 3-D atmospheric methane model suggests that methane emission rates from the Far East Soviet wetlands may be∼2 time those of Alaskan wetlands. Also, the relative maximum in May/June at Tae-ahn constrains global CH₄emissions from rice cultivation to∼100 Tgyr-¹.
Tans,P.P.,Dagvadorj,D.,Trolier,M.,Conway,T.J.,Wen,Y.,Dlugokencky,E.J.,Chung,Y.S.,Novelli,P.C. 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 1996 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.3
The measurements and subsequent conparison of CO_2, CH_4 and CO values at three East Asian and one Hawaiian site revaled that the annual and monthly mean concentrations at TQP in koren were the highest among other. The amplitude of seasonal variations including "noise" level mas also the highest at the TAP site. The cause of higher values at TAP was mainly due to its proximity to densely populated areas and to the influence of emission sources in East China. Presently, China is the top producet of coal in the world. In 1993 China consumed over 14 billion tons of fossil fuel including coal (~90%) and oil. Moreover, their annual growth rate of coal production is at least 10%. Therefore. the quantitave interpretation of differences in measured trace gases is important for the carbon budgets. The sites od UUM and QPC are located both in the upstream side of Pollution Monitoring Network (BAPMoN)". On the other hand. TAP is located at the eastern side of the Yellow Sea which is about 300-700 km from East China (across the Sea). TAP is in turn a suitable downstream site for the monitoring the atmospheric impact of regionally well-mixed emissions from China. With the prevailing westerlies in the mid-latitude, TAP is regarded as one of tactical sites for the monitoring of the regional and global carbon cycle.
Variability and quasi-decadal changes in the methane budget over the period 2000-2012
Saunois, Marielle,Bousquet, Philippe,Poulter, Ben,Peregon, Anna,Ciais, Philippe,Canadell, Josep G.,Dlugokencky, Edward J.,Etiope, Giuseppe,Bastviken, David,Houweling, Sander,Janssens-Maenhout, Greet,T Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.18
<P>Abstract. Following the recent Global Carbon Project (GCP) synthesis of the decadal methane (CH4) budget over 2000-2012 (Saunois et al., 2016), we analyse here the same dataset with a focus on quasi-decadal and inter-annual variability in CH4 emissions. The GCP dataset integrates results from top-down studies (exploiting atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up models (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry), inventories of anthropogenic emissions, and data-driven approaches. The annual global methane emissions from top-down studies, which by construction match the observed methane growth rate within their uncertainties, all show an increase in total methane emissions over the period 2000-2012, but this increase is not linear over the 13 years. Despite differences between individual studies, the mean emission anomaly of the top-down ensemble shows no significant trend in total methane emissions over the period 2000-2006, during the plateau of atmospheric methane mole fractions, and also over the period 2008-2012, during the renewed atmospheric methane increase. However, the top-down ensemble mean produces an emission shift between 2006 and 2008, leading to 22 [16-32] Tg CH4 yr−1 higher methane emissions over the period 2008-2012 compared to 2002-2006. This emission increase mostly originated from the tropics, with a smaller contribution from mid-latitudes and no significant change from boreal regions. The regional contributions remain uncertain in top-down studies. Tropical South America and South and East Asia seem to contribute the most to the emission increase in the tropics. However, these two regions have only limited atmospheric measurements and remain therefore poorly constrained. The sectorial partitioning of this emission increase between the periods 2002-2006 and 2008-2012 differs from one atmospheric inversion study to another. However, all top-down studies suggest smaller changes in fossil fuel emissions (from oil, gas, and coal industries) compared to the mean of the bottom-up inventories included in this study. This difference is partly driven by a smaller emission change in China from the top-down studies compared to the estimate in the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv4.2) inventory, which should be revised to smaller values in a near future. We apply isotopic signatures to the emission changes estimated for individual studies based on five emission sectors and find that for six individual top-down studies (out of eight) the average isotopic signature of the emission changes is not consistent with the observed change in atmospheric 13CH4. However, the partitioning in emission change derived from the ensemble mean is consistent with this isotopic constraint. At the global scale, the top-down ensemble mean suggests that the dominant contribution to the resumed atmospheric CH4 growth after 2006 comes from microbial sources (more from agriculture and waste sectors than from natural wetlands), with an uncertain but smaller contribution from fossil CH4 emissions. In addition, a decrease in biomass burning emissions (in agreement with the biomass burning emission databases) makes the balance of sources consistent with atmospheric 13CH4 observations. In most of the top-down studies included here, OH concentrations are considered constant over the years (seasonal variations but without any inter-annual variability). As a result, the methane loss (in particular through OH oxidation) varies mainly through the change in methane concentrations and not its oxidants. For these reasons, changes in the methane loss could not be properly investigated in this study, although it may play a significant role in the recent atmospheric methane changes as briefly discussed at the end of the paper. </P>