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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Devin K. Joshi (검색결과 4 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
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Social and Adversarial Varieties of Democracy
Devin K. Joshi 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2012 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.41 No.2
This article explores the relationship between two prominent varieties of democracy and the size of a country’s prison population. Theoretically, it proposes that social democracies increase social and economic equality which reduces both the “demand for crime” and the number of criminals. Adversarial democracies, on the other hand, generate higher levels of inequality and insecurity that lead to higher levels of crime. Utilizing a structured, focused comparison of Nordic social democracies and Anglo-American adversarial democracies complemented by cross-sectional multiple regression analysis of twenty industrialized democracies, I find empirical support for both of these conjectures. A major implication of this study is that states which choose parliamentary democracy, proportional representation elections, and a social democratic orientation may have a long-lasting positive impact on crime reduction by helping to remedy underlying structural causes of political, economic, and social inequality that give rise to criminal behavior.
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“Do We Have a Winner? What the China-India Paradox May Reveal about Regime Type and Human Security”
Devin K. Joshi 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2009 Asian International Studies Review Vol.10 No.1
As the concept of human security spreads in the post-Cold War period it is often presumed that non-democracies have worse human security than democracies. But the national human security (NHS) situation in weak or failed democracies can be even worse than in some non-democracies. So how exactly do the NHS records of states with different regime types like non-democratic China and democratic India compare? To address this question the paper assesses and compares NHS in terms of “freedom from want” (anti-poverty security) and “freedom from fear” (anti-violence security). It develops a theory of how different regime types might impact NHS based on how regimes differ along the 1) democratic-authoritarian and 2) predatory-developmental dimensions. It then conducts empirical testing of the theory through a global analysis of 178 countries and case studies of contemporary China and India. The study finds that while democracies and developmental states generally have higher NHS than autocracies and predatory states, developmental authoritarian states like China on average have slightly higher human security than predatory democracies like India.
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Women in the Korean National Assembly 1948-2020: Are They Really ‘Underqualified’ Compared to Men?
Devin K,Joshi 한국학술연구원 2021 Korea Observer Vol.52 No.3
This study presents a novel analysis of women’s qualifications compared to men in the Korean National Assembly (KNA) from 1948 to 2020. Throughout this period, women’s parliamentary representation in South Korea lagged severely behind women’s share of the voting population, a gap that may have stemmed from public perceptions that unlike their male counterparts, women members of parliament (MPs) are “underqualified.” But are they really underqualified? Drawing upon the biographies of all MPs to have served in the KNA until 2020, this study finds KNA women parliamentarians’ educational qualifications, ages, and incumbency rates to have risen considerably over time with women now more likely to hold advanced academic degrees than their male counterparts. Hence, this study concludes that although women in the Korean National Assembly may to a certain extent be “differently qualified” than male legislators, they can no longer be said to be “underqualified” compared to male MPs.
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Women Representatives, Left–Right Ideology and Gendered Pathways to Parliament in Asia and Europe
Malliga Och,Devin K. Joshi 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2021 Asian International Studies Review Vol.22 No.2
This article explores whether women political representatives from right-leaning and left-leaning parties differ significantly in their professional backgrounds. Using data collected from parliamentary websites on the demographics of individual members of parliament (MP s) in Germany, Austria, South Korea, and Japan, we compare partisan differences in background characteristics (education, occupation, ages, and legislative committee appointments) of recently elected women MP s. We find that compared to parties on the left, (1) right-leaning parties have fewer women MP s as consistent with previous findings in the literature, (2) women MP s from certain right-wing parties (especially populist parties) entered parliament at an older age than women MP s from their left-wing competitors, (3) rightist women did not have more feminized educational and occupational backgrounds than women on the left and (4) rightist women were more likely to sit on social affairs committees in parliament but not by a statistically significant margin.
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