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        Impregnated Active Carbon-Shelf Life Studies and Its Evaluation Against Cyanogen Chloride with and without Canister

        Beer Singh,Amit Saxena,Avanish Kumar Srivastava,Devendra Kumar Dubey,Arvind Kumar Gupta 한국탄소학회 2007 Carbon Letters Vol.8 No.4

        Samples of active carbon of 1150 m2/g surface area were impregnated with ammoniacal salts of copper, chromium and silver, with and without triethylenediamine. The samples of impregnated carbon were aged at 50℃, with and without 90% RH (relative humidity), for a little more than one year and chemically evaluated periodically. Initially copper (II) and chromium (VI) reduced very fast in the samples in humid atmosphere to the extent of 30% and 60% respectively in four months. These values were found to be unaffected by the presence of triethylenediamine (TEDA) indicating that the chemical did not retard the reduction process of chromium (VI) and copper (II). However, in the absence of humidity the reduction of the impregnants was significantly less (10-12%, w/w) in four months. It was quite evident; therefore, that the moisture was mainly responsible for the reduction of chromium (VI) and copper (II) species in impregnated carbons. The prolonged ageing of the samples with and without triethylenediamme after four months with and without humid atmosphere showed that the extent of reduction of chromium (VI) was very low, i.e. 5-10% and of copper (II) was 2-25%. Silver is not reduced due to carbon, as it remained unchanged in concentration on storage. The impregnated carbon samples (100 g) without triethylenediamine, which were aged at room temperature for 5 years in absence of humidity and unaged when evaluated against cyanogen chloride (CNCl) at a concentration of 4 mg/L and airflow rate of 30 lpm showed a high degree of protection (80- 110 minutes).

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        Impregnated Active Carbon-Shelf Life Studies and Its Evaluation Against Cyanogen Chloride with and without Canister

        Singh, Beer,Saxena, Amit,Srivastava, Avanish Kumar,Dubey, Devendra Kumar,Gupta, Arvind Kumar Korean Carbon Society 2007 Carbon Letters Vol.8 No.4

        Samples of active carbon of $1150\;m^2/g$ surface area were impregnated with ammoniacal salts of copper, chromium and silver, with and without triethylenediamine. The samples of impregnated carbon were aged at $50^{\circ}C$, with and without 90% RH (relative humidity), for a little more than one year and chemically evaluated periodically. Initially copper (II) and chromium (VI) reduced very fast in the samples in humid atmosphere to the extent of 30% and 60% respectively in four months. These values were found to be unaffected by the presence of triethylenediamine (TEDA) indicating that the chemical did not retard the reduction process of chromium (VI) and copper (II). However, in the absence of humidity the reduction of the impregnants was significantly less (10-12%, w/w) in four months. It was quite evident; therefore, that the moisture was mainly responsible for the reduction of chromium (VI) and copper (II) species in impregnated carbons. The prolonged ageing of the samples with and without triethylenediamme after four months with and without humid atmosphere showed that the extent of reduction of chromium (VI) was very low, i.e. 5-10% and of copper (II) was 2-25%. Silver is not reduced due to carbon, as it remained unchanged in concentration on storage. The impregnated carbon samples (100 g) without triethylenediamine, which were aged at room temperature for 5 years in absence of humidity and unaged when evaluated against cyanogen chloride (CNCl) at a concentration of 4 mg/L and airflow rate of 30 lpm showed a high degree of protection (80- 110 minutes).

      • KCI등재

        Understanding Heavy Metal Stress in a Rice Crop: Toxicity, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration Strategies

        Namira Arif,Nilesh C. Sharma,Vaishali Yadav,Naleeni Ramawat,Nawal Kishore Dubey,Durgesh Kumar Tripathi,Devendra Kumar Chauhan,Shivendra Sahi 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.4

        Heavy metal (HMs) pollution is regarded as oneof the major concerns for soil and water, causing varieties oftoxic and stress effects on plants and ecosystems. It hasbecome one of the important limiting factors to cropproductivity and quality. Due to an ever-increasing populationgrowth and food demands, this situation has further worsened. Rice, a leading staple food crop that feeds more than 50%populations of the world, is constantly affected by abioticstressors including HMs. In most of the countries, a majorsource of HM intake by humans is the rice grain producedthrough the paddy soils contaminated with HMs such as As,Al, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Se, and Zn. Thus, gradualagglomeration of HMs in rice grains and their subsequenttransfer to the food chain is a major menace to agricultureand human health. In recent years, several studies examinedthe impact of HMs toxicity on rice at multiple levels:molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular and tissue,and demonstrated a correlation between HMs toxicity andthe decreasing trend in rice productivity. Therefore, it isnecessary to understand the interaction of HMs with ricecrop spanning from the cell to whole plant level and deviseappropriate effective means to alleviate these stress responses. This review focuses on tracing the pathways involved instress responses and stress tolerance mechanisms displayedby different varieties of rice. However, it is essential touncover the mechanisms related to stress responses in ricefor designing improved investigations to develop novelvarieties with high attributes. Therefore, this communication summarizes various defense strategies induced against HMstress and includes the function of metabolites (metabolomics),trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics),and various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) includingthe role of plant hormones.

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