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On Compositionality and Bidirectional Optimization
Helen De Hoop,Petra Hendriks,Reinhard Blunter 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2007 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.8 No.2
In this paper we revisit the semantic principle of compositionality and argue that compositionality is bidirectional optimization. Underspecification approaches to natural language interpretation generally start with an underspecified or weak meaning, which is strengthened by contextual information. By contrast, the bidirectional optimization approach we advocate proceeds from the strongest possible meaning. This meaning can be changed or weakened by contextual information. Under this approach, the meaning of an utterance is composed in a functional rather than a concatenative way, while contextual sources of information play a major role. Yet, because the context of any utterance is in principle the same for the speaker and the hearer, composition and decomposition proceed hand in hand. Hence, bidirectional optimization ultimately guarantees (functional) compositionality.
Li, Mei-Chun,Wu, Qinglin,Song, Kunlin,De Hoop, Corneils F.,Lee, Sunyoung,Qing, Yan,Wu, Yiqiang American Chemical Society 2016 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.55 No.1
<P>This research aims to develop low cost, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and high performance water-based drilling fluids (WDFs) using bentonite (BT), polyanionic cellulose (PAC), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The effect of concentration of BT, PAC, and CNCs on the rheological and filtration properties of PAC/CNC/BT-WDFs was investigated. Eight empirical rheological models were applied to fit quantitatively the fluid properties. Results showed that the presence of PAC, CNCs, and BT improved the rheological and filtration properties of the WDFs. Among the eight empirical rheological models, the Sisko model performed the best in simulating the rheological behavior of the fluids. At the same concentration level of PAC and CNCs, CNCs had more impact on the rheological properties, whereas PAC had more influence on the filtration property. The incorporation of PAC resulted in very low permeable filter cakes, leading to the excellent filtration property. The combined use of PAC and CNCs yielded better rheological and filtration properties.</P>