한국어 ‘얼마’와 중국어 ‘다소(多少)’의 대응 용법

후효단 ( Hou Xiao-dan ),구본관 ( Koo Bon-kwan ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.76

Both the Chinese expression ‘多少’ and the Korean expression ‘얼마’ can be used as interrogative and non-interrogative. By making an analytic and comparative study on these two uses of both Chinese and Korean phrases in question, this current paper comes to the conclusion on different conditions where there are correspondences for these expressions between Chinese and Korean and where there is no parallelism concerning the phrase meaning ‘how much’ in the two languages. Specifically, with the respect to ‘多少’ and ‘얼마’ used to inquire amounts, the paper mainly analyzes similarities and difference of their usage in inquiring the material quantity, amounts of substance, the spatial quantity, the time capacity, the amount of behavior and degrees. Differently, taking into account of Chinese and Korean expressions used for the uncertainty of numbers, in construction, this current research mainly discusses properties, conditions of usage, and correspondences in both languages of relevant construction in such aspects as large and small quantities as well as the fuzzy quantity replacing the concrete amount. In sum, through adopting the comparative study on those aspects mentioned, this paper attempts to make some contribution to second language acquisition and teaching.

Identification of floral aromatic volatile compounds in 29 cultivars from four groups of Osmanthus fragrans by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Jianxin Fu,Dan Hou,Yiguang Wang,Chao Zhang,Zhiyi Bao,Hongbo Zhao,Shaoqing Hu 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.4

Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a popular aromatic ornamental plant and its fl owers are used to enhance the color and fragrance of food. In this study, we analyzed the volatiles of 29 cultivars from all four groups of O. fragrans using a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We identifi ed 41 volatile organic components that were distributed over fi ve diff erent compound classes, with the majority of the volatile components being dominated by alcohols, ketones, and terpenes, which accounted for 56.6–95.06% of the total volatiles in all tested materials except ‘Zao Yingui’. In ‘Zao Yingui’, alcohols, ketones, and terpenes accounted for only 48.19% of the total volatiles. The diversity of the volatile compounds and their relative contents varied among the four groups and cultivars within each group. The major volatile compounds were α-ionone, β-ionone, 2H-β-ionone, linalool, trans -linalool oxide, cis -linalool oxide, epoxy linalool, geraniol ( Z )-ocimene, and γ-decalactone in all tested cultivars, while nerol and ( Z )-3-hexenyl butanoic acid ester were abundant in several cultivars. The 29 cultivars were classifi ed into fi ve clusters in a hierarchical cluster analysis based on their fl oral volatile compounds. The cultivars of diff erent sexes (male vs. hermaphrodite) had no signifi cant diff erences in the relative contents of the major volatile compounds. This study provides valuable information for understanding the chemical composition of the volatile compounds of O. fragrans fl owers as well as a theoretical basis for the origin, development, and application of modern cultivars of O. fragrans.

Effects of Tributyrin on Intestinal Energy Status, Antioxidative Capacity and Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Broilers

Li, Jiaolong,Hou, Yongqing,Yi, Dan,Zhang, Jun,Wang, Lei,Qiu, Hongyi,Ding, Binying,Gong, Joshua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.12

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB) on the growth performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, energy status, disaccharidase activity, and antioxidative capacity of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 160 one-day-old Cobb broilers were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments, with 4 replicated pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangements of treatments with TB supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg) and LPS challenge (0 or $500{\mu}g/kg$ body weight [BW]). On days 22, 24, and 26 of the trial, broilers received an intraperitoneal administration of $500{\mu}g/kg$ BW LPS or saline. Dietary TB showed no effect on growth performance. However, LPS challenge decreased the average daily gain of broilers from day 22 to day 26 of the trial. Dietary TB supplementation inhibited the increase of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (in the jejunum and ileum), interleukin-6 (in the duodenum and jejunum), and prostaglandin $E_2$ (in the duodenum) of LPS-challenged broilers. Similar inhibitory effects of TB in the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (in the ileum) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (in the jejunum) were also observed in birds challenged with LPS. Additionally, TB supplementation mitigated the decrease of ileal adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and total adenine nucleotide and the reduction of jejunal catalase activity induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggest that the TB supplementation was able to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the energy status and anti-oxidative capacity in the small intestine of LPS-challenged broilers.

CrOx–MnOx–TiO2 adsorbent with high resistance to SO2 poisoning for Hg0 removal at low temperature

Guanyi Chen,Dan Zhang,Anchao Zhang,Zhihui Zhang,Zhichao Liu,Li’an Hou 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.55 No.-

Chromium modified MnOx–TiO2 (CMT), MnOx–TiO2 (MT) and CrOx–TiO2 (CT) adsorbents were prepared by a sol–gel method and were investigated for Hg0 removal in the absence and presence of SO2. The fresh and used adsorbents were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, FTIR, H2-TPR, XPS and TG. The results showed that the addition of Cr into MT can not only increase the activity of Hg0 removal, but also improve its SO2 resistance performance. The amount of manganese sulfate formed onto spent CMT was much higher than that of chromium sulfate, meaning that sulfate species were formed preferentially on Mn rather than Cr.

Norcantharidin Anti-Angiogenesis Activity Possibly through an Endothelial Cell Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer

Yu, Tao,Hou, Fenggang,Liu, Manman,Zhou, Lihong,Li, Dan,Liu, Jianrong,Fan, Zhongze,Li, Qi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

The present study was based on the unexpected discovery that norcantharidin exerted anti-angiogenesis activity when effects on growth of human colon cancer were studied. The aim was to further verify this finding and explore possible mechanisms using a tumor xenograft model in nude mice. We confirmed that norcantharidin (5 or 15 mg/kg) could inhibit angiogenesis of human colon cancer in vivo. In vitro, crossing river assay, cell adhesion assay and tube formation assay indicated that NCTD could reduce the migration, adhesion and vascular network tube formation ability of HUVECs. At the same time, the expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR-2 proteins which play important roles in angiogenesis were reduced as examined by western blotting analysis. Taken together, the results firstly showed NCTD could inhibit angiogenesis of human colon cancer in vivo, probably associated with effects on migration, adhesion and vascular network tube formation of HUVECs and expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR-2 proteins.

Effects of L-proline on the Growth Performance, and Blood Parameters in Weaned Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged Pigs

Kang, Ping,Zhang, Lili,Hou, Yongqing,Ding, Binying,Yi, Dan,Wang, Lei,Zhu, Huiling,Liu, Yulan,Yin, Yulong,Wu, Guoyao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.8

This trail was conducted to study the effect of L-proline on the growth performance, and blood parameter in the weaned lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged pigs. Thirty six pigs ($9.13{\pm}0.85$ kg) were assigned randomly to dietary treatments in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement in a 20-d growth assay. Factors were intraperitoneal injection with saline or LPS, and three dietary L-proline supplement levels (0%, 0.5%, or 1.0%). On d 10, blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS (100 ${\mu}g$ LPS/kg body weight [BW]) or saline injection. On d 20 of the trial, all pigs were orally administrated D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) at 2 h, and blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS or saline injection. As a result, dietary supplementation with 0.5% proline had a tendency to increase average daily gain (ADG) in piglets during d 10 to 20 (p = 0.088). Without LPS challenge, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline had no effect on growth hormone (GH) concentrations on d 10 (p>0.05), but decreased it after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for GH concentrations on d 10 (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline decreased glucagon concentration on d 10 after LPS challenge (p<0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with proline increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly on d 10 and 20 (p<0.05), and 1.0% proline increased heat shock proteins-70 concentration on d 10 (p<0.05). Moreover, proline supplementation increased diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for DAO (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline increased the D-xylose level when no LPS challenge (p<0.05). These results indicate that proline supplementation could improve growth performance, increase SOD activities, and has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract digestibility in early weaned pigs.

Genome constitution and evolution of Elymus atratus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from cytogenetic and phylogenetic analysis

Tan Lu,Wu Dan-Dan,Zhang Chang-Bing,Cheng Yi-Ran,Sha Li-Na,Fan Xing,Kang Hou-Yang,Wang Yi,Zhang Hai-Qin,Escudero Marcial,Zhou Yong-Hong 한국유전학회 2024 Genes & Genomics Vol.46 No.5

Background Elymus atratus (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. is perennial hexaploid wheatgrass. It was assigned to the genus Elymus L. sensu stricto based on morphological characters. Its genome constitution has not been disentangled yet. Objective To identify the genome constitution and origin of E. atratus. Methods In this study, genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogenetic analysis based on the Acc1, DMC1 and matK sequences were performed. Results Genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization results reveal that E. atratus 2n = 6x = 42 is composed of 14 St genome chromosomes, 14 H genome chromosomes, and 14 Y genome chromosomes including two H-Y type translocation chromosomes, suggesting that the genome formula of E. atratus is StStYYHH. The phylogenetic analysis based on Acc1 and DMC1 sequences not only shows that the Y genome originated in a separate diploid, but also suggests that Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), and a diploid species with Y genome were the potential donors of E. atratus. Data from chloroplast DNA showed that the maternal donor of E. atratus contains the St genome. Conclusion Elymus atratus is an allohexaploid species with StYH genome, which may have originated through the hybridization between an allotetraploid Roegneria (StY) species as the maternal donor and a diploid Hordeum (H) species as the paternal donor. Background Elymus atratus (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. is perennial hexaploid wheatgrass. It was assigned to the genus Elymus L. sensu stricto based on morphological characters. Its genome constitution has not been disentangled yet. Objective To identify the genome constitution and origin of E. atratus. Methods In this study, genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogenetic analysis based on the Acc1, DMC1 and matK sequences were performed. Results Genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization results reveal that E. atratus 2n = 6x = 42 is composed of 14 St genome chromosomes, 14 H genome chromosomes, and 14 Y genome chromosomes including two H-Y type translocation chromosomes, suggesting that the genome formula of E. atratus is StStYYHH. The phylogenetic analysis based on Acc1 and DMC1 sequences not only shows that the Y genome originated in a separate diploid, but also suggests that Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), and a diploid species with Y genome were the potential donors of E. atratus. Data from chloroplast DNA showed that the maternal donor of E. atratus contains the St genome. Conclusion Elymus atratus is an allohexaploid species with StYH genome, which may have originated through the hybridization between an allotetraploid Roegneria (StY) species as the maternal donor and a diploid Hordeum (H) species as the paternal donor.

Comparison of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations between Primary Tumors and Lymph Nodes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Review and Meta-analysis of Published Data

Wang, Feng,Fang, Ping,Hou, Dan-Yang,Leng, Zai-Jun,Cao, Le-Jie Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can predict the clinical response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. However, EGFR mutations may be different in primary tumors (PT) and metastatic lymph nodes (MLN). The aim of this study was to compare EGFR mutations between PT and the corresponding MLN in NSCLC patients, and provide some guidelines for clinical treatment using TKI therapy. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed with several research databases. Relative risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate the EGFR mutation status between PT and the corresponding MLN. A random-effects model was used. Results: 9 publications involving 707 patients were included in the analysis. It was found that activation of EGFR mutations identified in PT and the corresponding MLN was 26.4% (187/707) and 19.9% (141/707), respectively. The overall discordance rate in our meta-analysis was 12.2% (86/707). The relative risk (RR) for EGFR mutation in PT relative to MLN was 1.33 (95%CI: 1.10-1.60; random-effects model). There was no significant heterogeneity between the studies ($I^2$=5%, p=0.003). Conclusions: There exists a considerable degree of EGFR mutation discrepancy in NSCLC between PT and corresponding MLN, suggesting that tumor heterogeneity might arise at the molecular level during the process of metastasis.

Measurement and Evaluation of the Ellipsoid Deviation in Cartesian Coordinates

Fei Liu,Lin Liang,Guanghua Xu,Chenggang Hou,Dan Liu 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.11

Ellipsoid part is now increasingly applied to the product manufacturing, while the high-quality ellipsoid part depends not only on the manufacturing and machining techniques, but also on the adopted measurement and evaluation approaches. Based on the typical quadratic surface, an evaluation method of the least squares ellipsoid deviation is proposed in this paper to quantify the form deviation of measured ellipsoid. The method can overcome the weakness of the low measurement adaptability compared with other evaluation methods. With obtaining the coefficients of surface equation to replace the linear superposing of the coordinates of measured points, the measurement error existing in the coordinates of measured points is homogenized and reduced effectively, which prompts to obtain the accurate measurement result. Finally, the results from experimental verifications show that the proposed method is effective for the measurement and evaluation of the ellipsoid deviation in Cartesian coordinates, and the adaptability is also a significant advantage in the measurement and evaluation of geometry deviation.

Analysis of Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Colorectal Cancer with Microarray Technology

Liu, Yan-Jun,Zhang, Shu,Hou, Kang,Li, Yun-Tao,Liu, Zhan,Ren, Hai-Liang,Luo, Dan,Li, Shi-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Objective: Microarray data were analyzed to explore key genes and their functions in progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Two microarray data sets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using corresponding packages of R. Functional enrichment analysis was performed with DAVID tools to uncover their biological functions. Results: 631 and 590 DEGs were obtained from the two data sets, respectively. A total of 32 common DEGs were then screened out with the rank product method. The significantly enriched GO terms included inflammatory response, response to wounding and response to drugs. Two interleukin-related domains were revealed in the domain analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the PPAR signaling pathway and the renin-angiotensin system were enriched in the DEGs. Conclusions: Our study to systemically characterize gene expression changes in CRC with microarray technology revealed changes in a range of key genes, pathways and function modules. Their utility in diagnosis and treatment now require exploration.