정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

치주병원균에 대한 유산균의 억제효과

정하나,김영준,정현주,오종석 전남대학교 치과대학 1999 전남치대논문집 Vol.11 No.1

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus V-20 on the replication of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. When A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were incubated alone and in the combination with L. acidophilus V-20, the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P.gingivalis were compared between those cultures. The effect of S. mutans, E. durans, and L. lactis on the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was also evaluated. The change of periodontal indexes(probine depth, gingival index, GCF volume) and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides in subgingival plaque sample were evaluated following gargling of fermented milk made from L.acidophilus V-20 for 1 month on patients with periodontal disease in maintenance phase. In the mixed culture of L. acidophilus V-20 and A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis, the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis was completely inhibited. But in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and hydrogen peroxide-nonproducing Lactobacillus casei, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not decreased when compared with the numbers in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and L. acidophilus V-20. In the mixed culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. mutans, E. durans, or L. lactis, the viable cell number of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not almost changed when compared with the numbers in the culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans alone. And in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and E. durans or L. lactis, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivalis was not almost changed compared with the counts in the culture of P. gingivalis alone. But the replication of P. gingivalis was completely inhibited in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and S. mutans. When the change of periodontal indexes following gargling of fermented milk was compared with baseline, probing depth and gingival index were not changed, but GCF volume was significantly decreased(p<0.05). And when the viable cell numbers of microorganisms in subgingival plaque sample were compared with baseline, total viable cell number was almost unchanged and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides were significantly decreased(p<0.05). These results suggest that L. acidophilus V-20 inhibit the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides by the formation of hydrogen peroxide.

Cortisone acetate 투여한 마우스의 Pneumocystis carinii 감염양상 및 세포매개성 면역반응에 관한 연구

김충현,이영하,나영언,신대환 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

This study was attempted to find the cell-mediated immune responses and infection aspects of Pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressive mice. The experimental groups were administered the suppressive regimen consisting of cortisone acetate 2.5mg injected subcutaneously twice a week, a low(8%) protein diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water(1mg/ml) for 10 weeks. From the 1st week after cortisone acetate injection, the number of P. carinii cysts in the lung specimens were examined by Gomori's methenamine silver stain at 1 week interval for 10 weeks. And the blastogenic response of spleen cells treated with Con. A (5.0㎍/ml) was examined by [^3H]-thymidine incorporation assay at the same time. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The number of P. carinii cysts were remarkably increased in the lungs from 2 weeks to 4 weeks, and thereafter was slowly increased throughout the experiment. 2. The blastogenic response of Con. A treated-splenocytes from mice injected with cortisone acetate was significantly declined as compared with those of the control mice(p<0.05). 3. There were not correlation between the number of P carinii cysts in the lung specimens and the blastogenic responses of splenocytes to Con. A(correlation coefficient, r=0.38285, p<0.2749).

영구치 치수 기질세포를 이용한 연골 분화 및 분화 시기에 따른 형태학적 변화

정주령,김하나,박열,김민정,오영주,신수정,최윤정,김경호 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.1

Objectives: The aim was to confirm the stem cell-like properties of the dental pulp stromal cells and to evaluate the morphologic changes during in vitro chondrogenesis. Materials and Methods: Stromal cells were outgrown from the dental pulp tissue of the premolars. Surface markers were investigated and cell proliferation rate was compared to other mesenchymal stem cells. Multipotency of the pulp cells was confirmed by inducing osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis. The morphologic changes in the chondrogenic pellet during the 21 day of induction were evaluated under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. TUNEL assay was used to evaluate apoptosis within the chondrogenic pellets. Results: Pulp cells were CD90, 105 positive and CD31, 34 negative. They showed similar proliferation rate to other stem cells. Pulp cells differentiated to osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic tissues. During chondrogenesis, 3-dimensional pellet was created with multi-layers, hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cells and cartilage-like extracellular matrix. However, cell morphology became irregular and apoptotic cells were increased after 7 day of chondrogenic induction. Conclusions: Pulp cells indicated mesenchymal stem cell-like characteristics. During the in vitro chondrogenesis, cellular activity was superior during the earlier phase (within 7 day) of differentiation.

Family-School Relations and School Adjustment of Children with Divorced Mothers: Testing Epstein`s Parent Involvement Theory

( Ha Na Chung ),( Soon Hyung Yi ) 대한가정학회 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.2

Family-School Relations and School Adjustment of Children with Divorced Mothers: Testing Epstein's Parent Involvement Theory

Chung Ha-Na,Yi Soon-Hyung The Korean Home Economics Association 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family-school relations on children's school adjustment with divorced mothers. Subcategories of the family-school relations were family participation in decision making, family help for schools, learning activities at home, school help for families, and school-home communication adopted from Epstein's parent involvement theory. Sub categories of children's school adjustment were delinquent behavior and academic achievement. The sample of this study included 3,367 children from first to fifth grade who lived either in a two-parent or one-parent home. Among them, 411 children with divorced mothers were analyzed. Independent t-test, Pearson's correlations, stepwise regression analysis were all conducted. Findings suggested that children with divorced mothers showed higher delinquency and lower academic achievement than children in intact families. Sub categories of family involvement and school involvement were correlated in divorced families. Children's delinquency was predicted by three of the family-school relation factors, which were school-home communication, family help for schools, and school help for families. Children's academic achievement was predicted by ail factors.

영상처리를 적용한 90⁰ 델타로봇의 제어시스템

이하나(Ha-Na Lee),김기태(Gi-Tea Kim),정광현(Kwang-Hyeon Chung),차동혁(Dong-Hyuk Cha),정명진(Myung-Jin Chung) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

In this study, we propose an image processing position control system for 90-degree delta robot with four actuators. The robot places four actuators arranged at 90-degree to solve the problem of overloading the motor of the conventional 120 degrees delta robot. Inverse kinematics was used to move the delta robot in its exact location. Image processing can be used to control the position of the end effector of the delta robot. For image processing, position of the webcam at a 70-degree angle at 32cm height. The system allows us to determine the position, color, and slope of shapes. The measuring area is 30cm wide and 20cm long. The area that can be driven by image processing is the same as the measurement area. The operation of the proposed delta robot was confirmed, and the operation experiment was carried out.

과제특성에 따른 유아의 반사실적 연역추론

정하나(Ha Na Chung),이순형(Soon Hyung Yi) 한국아동학회 2013 아동학회지 Vol.34 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of counterfactual reasoning which children undergo, based on mental model theory and dual process theory. The subjects were 120 four-year-olds and 120 five-year-olds from Ulsan. Counterfactual reasoning task conditions were created, including task type and content, which were type 1-specific, type 1-general, type 2-specific, type 2-general. There were two stories used for each task condition. Children`s counterfactual reasoning score range was 0 to 8. Data were analyzed using SPSS by mean, standard deviation, one sample t-test, repeated measures of Anova. The results of this study were as follows. First, children`s counterfactual reasoning was above chance level regardless of the task condition. Second, children`s counterfactual reasoning was lowest when type 1-specific or type 2-specific tasks were given, slightly higher when type1-general tasks were given, and the highest when type 2-general tasks were given. There was no significant difference between 4-year-old and 5-year-old children`s counterfactual reasoning.

타인의 정서 및 행동 추론 시 아동의 개인화된 추론

정하나(Chung Ha-Na),이순형(Yi Soon-Hyung) 가정과삶의질학회 2006 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.24 No.2

정보전이지수를 이용한 원자재가격과 산업별 주식수익률의 연계성에 대한 Covid-19과 러우전쟁의 영향 분석

정정현(Chung-Hyun Chung),김나영(Na Yeong Kim),김하진(Ha Jin Kim),양혜림(Hye Rim Yang) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 원자재가격 변화의 산업별 주식수익률에 대한 영항을 분석한다. Covid-19 및 러우전쟁을 전후하여 원유, 구리, 옥수수 등의 원자재가격 변화와 환율 변동이 Kospi 및 6개의 산업별 주식수익률에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석대상 기간은 2017년 9월 5일부터 2022년 12월 23일까지이며, Diebold, Yilmaz(2012)의 정보전이지수(spillover index)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주식시장, 외환시장 및 다른 원자재시장에 대하여 가장 영향력이 큰 시장은 구리시장이며, 다음으로 영향을 주는 시장은 원유시장으로 나타났다. 다른 시장으로부터 가장 영향을 많이 받는 시장은 외환시장, 주식시장, 옥수수시장 등으로 나타났다. 둘째, Covid-19 이전에 정보의 공헌자(contributor)로서의 역할을 하던 주식시장이 Covid-19나 러우전쟁의 충격이 가해지는 기간에 정보의 수령자(recipient)로 역할이 바뀌는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, Covid-19의 충격으로 인하여 Kospi 수익률에 대한 영향이 증가한 원자재는 원유와 옥수수이며, 러우전쟁의 충격으로 인하여 Kospi 수익률에 대한 영향이 증가한 원자재는 구리이다. 넷째, 산업별로 살펴보면, 전기전자, 화학, 철강업에서는 원자재시장과 연계성이 대체로 높은 편이며, 음식료품, 기계, 운송장비업에서는 비교적 낮은 편으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 모든 산업에서 Covid-19 기간이나 러우전쟁 기간에 총 정보전이지수가 높게 나타난다는 것을 확인하였다. This paper analyzes the effect of commodity prices on the industrial stock market. The commodities selected to represent raw materials are crude oil, copper, and corn. Kospi and six industrial stock price indices including foods, chemical, steel, machinery, electronic, and transport are analyzed. The exchange rate is also included in the model. Test period is 1,257 trading days from September 5, 2017 to December 23, 2022. Spillover effect is measured with Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012)’s index. Major findings are as follows. First, the influential markets to stock and foreign exchange markets are copper and crude oil markets. Second, the stock market which was a contributor to information before Covid-19 changed role to the recipient of information during the Covid-19 and Russo-Ukraine war period. Third, the effect of crude oil and corn on Kospi returns caused by the Covid-19 is increased. And the effect of copper is increased during the Russo-Ukraine war period. Fourth, the stock returns of electronic, chemical and steel industries have high connectedness with the commodity market compared to that of foods, machinery and transport industries. Fifth, the total spillover index appears high in all industries during the Covid-19 and Russo-Ukraine war period compared to pre-Covid-19 period.