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Rapid adaptation using linear spectral transformation for embedded speech recognisers
Cho, Y.,Yook, D. IET 2008 Electronics letters Vol.44 No.17
<P>Embedded speech recognisers are typically used in unknown mobile environments where the acoustic conditions frequently change. Since a large amount of adaptation data is not usually available for such environments, the adaptation methods for the acoustic models of these recognisers must improve the recognition performance with only a small amount of adaptation data. In this Letter, we show that maximum likelihood linear spectral transformation provides the advantage of rapid adaptation using a very limited amount of adaptation data for the embedded acoustic models.</P>
H<sub>2</sub> effects on diesel combustion and emissions with an LPL-EGR system
Cho, Y.,Song, S.,Chun, K.M. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.38 No.23
In this study, we examined H<SUB>2</SUB> effects on the combustion and emissions of a diesel engine with low-pressure loop (LPL) exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). We converted a 2.2-L four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine satisfying Euro5 for H<SUB>2</SUB> supply. An LPL-EGR system replaced the high-pressure loop (HPL) EGR system. For all tests, the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) was kept at 4 bar and the EGR ratio was varied from 9 to 42%. The H<SUB>2</SUB> energy percentage was varied from 0 to 7.4% independently to evaluate the H<SUB>2</SUB> effects and EGR effects separately. The heat release rate was calculated from the measured cylinder pressure. We found that substitution of H<SUB>2</SUB> for diesel fuel made the premixed burn fraction larger, and reduced the nitrous oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions simultaneously. For example, the NOx emissions were reduced by 36% for an EGR of 42% and an H<SUB>2</SUB> percentage of 7.4%. PM emissions were reduced by 18% for an EGR of 35% and an H<SUB>2</SUB> percentage of 7.4% compared with diesel fuel only cases.
Cho, Y.,Lee, W.,Kim, H. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.2 No.30
A novel synthetic process referred to as a protective coating method was developed for the fabrication of a carbon-supported Pt2Ni1 nanoparticle measuring approximately 5 nm in size with a Pt-rich shell via thermal treatment. A 3 to 5 nm thick potypyrrole layer encapsulating the surface of the Pt/C catalyst simultaneously acted as a sponge to absorb the Ni precursor and a physical barrier to inhibit the inevitable increase in particle size during the thermal treatment. The PPy layer does not behave as a poison to the catalyst because it is completely decomposed without carbonization on the Pt surface during the heat treatment in a H-2-Ar mixture. As a result, the resultant Pt2Ni1/C catalyst with a Pt-rich shell exhibited improved stability under acidic conditions and catalytic activity in an oxygen reduction reaction.
Miniaturised dual-band implantable antenna for wireless biotelemetry
Cho, Y.,Yoo, H. IET 2016 Electronics letters Vol.52 No.12
<P>A miniaturised implantable antenna with dual-band operation the Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) (402-405 MHz) and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (2400.0-2483.5 MHz) bands is presented. The size of the proposed antenna is 31.5 mm(3) (8.75 mm x 7.2 mm x 0.5 mm) which is the smallest size compared to previous implantable antennas. A serpentine-shaped radiating patch and open-end slot placed on the ground plane are used for miniaturisation. The performance of the antenna was evaluated from measurements and is based on good agreement with simulations.</P>
Adaptive live streaming system performance of MMT and DASH over a deployed LTE network
Cho, Y.,Park, S.,Kim, K.,Suh, D.Y. IET 2016 Electronics letters Vol.52 No.13
<P>Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) media transport and dynamic adaptive streaming over Hypertext Transfer Protocol are compared, which have been standardised by the MPEG for internet-based video services. Their performances as adaptive live streaming systems are evaluated over a deployed long term evolution network. The results provide their operational limitations and optimal operation parameters to improve resource usage and the quality of the users' experience.</P>
Policy measures and necessities for small scale organic farming in the EU
Cho, Y.,Nicholas, P. Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S
Most of European countries have certain support measures of small holder organic producers in their policy system but they need to be more positive with this issue. Recent EU regulations and any other governmental organic farming measures are hardly emphasising on small holders' issues except a few measures. In order to secure small producer organic farming, the extensive efforts are needed. Developing new logos and differential support system for small producer organic at every aspects from production, marketing and public procurement level will become more positive actions to take, for example.
Enhanced energy harvesting based on surface morphology engineering of P(VDF-TrFE) film
Cho, Y.,Park, J.B.,Kim, B.S.,Lee, J.,Hong, W.K.,Park, I.K.,Jang, J.E.,Sohn, J.I.,Cha, S.,Kim, J.M. Elsevier 2015 Nano energy Vol.16 No.-
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has great potential for its use as an energy harvesting material as it exhibits not only outstanding piezoelectric and electrostatic characteristics resulting from ferroelectric effects, but also remarkably robust stability against repeated mechanical stress compared to inorganic materials. We report enhanced performances of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) based energy generators with wider range of selections of flexible substrates through a surface morphology engineering using solvent annealing method as the key technology for simple and cost-effective fabrication at room temperature. It is clearly revealed that a solvent annealed P(VDF-TrFE) film is crystallised at room temperature and that the surface morphology is changed from a rough surface into a smooth and flat surface with increasing annealing time. This surface morphology engineering results in 8 times enhanced output voltage and current of the energy generators because of well-aligned electrical dipoles. We also demonstrate a highly transparent and flexible energy generator by employing graphene electrodes with the solvent annealed P(VDF-TrFE) film, which can be effectively harvesting various mechanical energy sources.
Cho, Y.,Challa, S.,Moquin, D.,Genga, R.,Ray, T.D.,Guildford, M.,Chan, F.K.M. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2009 Cell Vol.137 No.6
Programmed necrosis is a form of caspase-independent cell death whose molecular regulation is poorly understood. The kinase RIP1 is crucial for programmed necrosis, but also mediates activation of the prosurvival transcription factor NF-κB. We postulated that additional molecules are required to specifically activate programmed necrosis. Using a RNA interference screen, we identified the kinase RIP3 as a crucial activator for programmed necrosis induced by TNF and during virus infection. RIP3 regulates necrosis-specific RIP1 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of RIP1 and RIP3 stabilizes their association within the pronecrotic complex, activates the pronecrotic kinase activity, and triggers downstream reactive oxygen species production. The pronecrotic RIP1-RIP3 complex is induced during vaccinia virus infection. Consequently, RIP3<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice exhibited severely impaired virus-induced tissue necrosis, inflammation, and control of viral replication. Our findings suggest that RIP3 controls programmed necrosis by initiating the pronecrotic kinase cascade, and that this is necessary for the inflammatory response against virus infections.
Cho, Y.,Nicholas, P. Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S
This study compares and contrasts the Wales and England Organic Action Plans (WOAP and EOAP) and a Korean regional Life-Food Development Plan (KLFDP) in order to facilitate the development of the organic sector in Korea. Early action plans, for example, the first WOAP (1999) focused support on developing the supply of organic products whereas later action plans focused on marketing and consumer. OAPs may not only provide specific issue-solving roles by proposing new policy measures but also perform a regulatory role as a controller for organic sector development as a whole. The current KLFDP seems to stick to the former role but hardly has the latter role such as setting priorities, harmonizing various conflicting policy measures and factors and performing evaluation process for further progress. To secure better harmonized and sustainable development of Korean organic farming sector, constructing comprehensive national-level organic action plan, which has policy developing, implementing, regulating, evaluating and evolving functions, might be the most efficient choice.