Quality Management of Ultrasound Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Under the Korean National Cancer Screening Program : Quality of Ultrasound for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening

Choi, Moon Hyung,Jung, Seung Eun,Choi, Joon-Il,Jeong, Woo Kyoung,Kim, Hyun Cheol,Kim, Yongsoo,Kim, Yeol,Park, Boyoung Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 Journal of ultrasound in medicine Vol.37 No.1

<P>ConclusionsThe quality of liver US for hepatocellular carcinoma screening remains suboptimal. Education for physicians who perform liver US examinations is unsatisfactory in Korea. We should make an effort to improve the quality of liver US and teach basic US techniques to physicians.</P>

Factors related to cancer screening behaviors

Boyoung Choi,엄태림,이광수 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the factors related to cancer screening behaviors (CSB). METHODS: The 2014 Korean Community Health Survey used for analysis. The dependent variable was CSB, and the independent variables were demographic, health behavioral, and regional factor. Propensity score matching (PSM) used to control health behavior and regional factors, which were influencing CSB. For statistical analysis, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis used. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis after PSM showed that gender, age, marital status, educational level, monthly household income, employment type, alcohol drinking, smoking, body mass index group, chronic disease, and subjective health status influenced the CSB, there were statistical differences. CONCLUSIONS: To improve cancer screening (CS), it is necessary to educate individuals on the need for CS and to carry out a personalized CS program based on an individual’s demographic status and health behavior

Health Indicators Related to Disease, Death, and Reproduction

Choi, Jeoungbin,Ki, Moran,Kwon, Ho Jang,Park, Boyoung,Bae, Sanghyuk,Oh, Chang-Mo,Chun, Byung Chul,Oh, Gyung-Jae,Lee, Young Hoon,Lee, Tae-Yong,Cheong, Hae Kwan,Choi, Bo Youl,Park, Jung Han,Park, Sue K. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2019 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.52 No.1

One of the primary goals of epidemiology is to quantify various aspects of a population's health, illness, and death status and the determinants (or risk factors) thereof by calculating health indicators that measure the magnitudes of various conditions. There has been some confusion regarding health indicators, with discrepancies in usage among organizations such as the World Health Organization the, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC of other countries, and the usage of the relevant terminology may vary across papers. Therefore, in this review, we would like to propose appropriate terminological definitions for health indicators based on the most commonly used meanings and/or the terms used by official agencies, in order to bring clarity to this area of confusion. We have used appropriate examples to make each health indicator easy for the reader to understand. We have included practical exercises for some health indicators to help readers understand the underlying concepts.

Targeted knockout of a chemokine-like gene increases anxiety and fear responses

Choi, Jung-Hwa,Jeong, Yun-Mi,Kim, Sujin,Lee, Boyoung,Ariyasiri, Krishan,Kim, Hyun-Taek,Jung, Seung-Hyun,Hwang, Kyu-Seok,Choi, Tae-Ik,Park, Chul O,Huh, Won-Ki,Carl, Matthias,Rosenfeld, Jill A.,Raskin, National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.5

<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Emotion-related responses, such as fear and anxiety, are important behavioral phenomena in most animal species, as well as in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of fear and anxiety in animals and in humans are still largely unknown, and anxiety disorders continue to represent a large unmet medical need in the human clinic. Animal models may speed up discovery of these mechanisms and may also lead to betterment of human health. Herein, we report the identification of a chemokine-like gene family, <I>samdori</I> (<I>sam</I>), and present functional characterization of <I>sam2</I>. We observed increased anxiety-related responses in both zebrafish and mouse knockout models. Taken together, these results support a crucial and evolutionarily conserved role of <I>sam2</I> in regulating anxiety-like behavior.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Emotional responses, such as fear and anxiety, are fundamentally important behavioral phenomena with strong fitness components in most animal species. Anxiety-related disorders continue to represent a major unmet medical need in our society, mostly because we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of these diseases. Animal models may speed up discovery of these mechanisms. The zebrafish is a highly promising model organism in this field. Here, we report the identification of a chemokine-like gene family, <I>samdori</I> (<I>sam</I>), and present functional characterization of one of its members, <I>sam2</I>. We show exclusive mRNA expression of s<I>am2</I> in the CNS, predominantly in the dorsal habenula, telencephalon, and hypothalamus. We found knockout (KO) zebrafish to exhibit altered anxiety-related responses in the tank, scototaxis and shoaling assays, and increased <I>crh</I> mRNA expression in their hypothalamus compared with wild-type fish. To investigate generalizability of our findings to mammals, we developed a <I>Sam2</I> KO mouse and compared it to wild-type littermates. Consistent with zebrafish findings, homozygous KO mice exhibited signs of elevated anxiety. We also found bath application of purified SAM2 protein to increase inhibitory postsynaptic transmission onto CRH neurons of the paraventricular nucleus. Finally, we identified a human homolog of <I>SAM2</I>, and were able to refine a candidate gene region encompassing <I>SAM2</I>, among 21 annotated genes, which is associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder in the 12q14.1 deletion syndrome. Taken together, these results suggest a crucial and evolutionarily conserved role of <I>sam2</I> in regulating mechanisms associated with anxiety.</P></▼2>

일본 內閣官房領土·主權對策企劃調整室의 ‘독도에 관한 자료조사보고서’ 간행과 공개자료의 의미

최보영(Choi Boyoung) 한국사학회 2019 史學硏究 Vol.0 No.134

2013년 일본의 내각관방 산하에 설치된 영토·주권 대책기획조정실(내각영토실)은 2015년부터 ‘독도에 관한 자료조사보고서’를 매년 간행하여 독도관련 자료의 현황을 정리하고 이를 통해 독도영유권의 역사적·국제법적 권원이 일본에 있음을 주장하고 있다. 이들이 조사한 자료는 모두 1,990건이며 그 중에서 내각영토실 홈페이지에 233건의 자료를 공개·소개하고 있다. 공개된 자료는 간략하게나마 ‘자료개요’를 덧붙여 해당 자료에 대해 알기 쉽게 설명을 하였다. 본 연구는 주로 내각영토실에서 공개한 이 자료를 일본의 독도편입 전후와 한국에 독도귀속 이후로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과 내각영토실은 자신들의 주장에 부합하는 자료만을 선별적으로 취사·선택하였으며 공개자료에 대한 ‘자료개요’ 역시 역사적 사실과 맞지 않게 왜곡하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또 이들은 해당 자료들이 독도에 대한 영유권이 일본에 있음을 간접적으로나마 증명하고자 하였으나 역설적이게도 독도가 일본의 영토임을 증명하는 것은 단 하나도 발견할 수 없었다. Office of policy Planning and Coordination on Territory and Sovereignty of Japan is published every year a ‘a research report on the Dokdo’ in 2015 and the status data related to Dokdo, Dokdo sovereignty over the historical and international law. Japan claims that the evidence. A total of 1,990 data were surveyed by them, 233 of which are released on the website of the Cabinet Secretariat. The released data was briefly described by adding ‘data overview’ to make it easier to understand the data. This study is primarily attributed Dokdo in Korea and around Dokdo into Japanese territorial data, released in the Cabinet Secretariat at by dividing them since. As a result, the Cabinet Secretariat selected only materials that fit their claims, and it was confirmed that thereview of dataon public materials was distorting them from historical facts. They are also data about the Dokdo sovereignty is at least indirectly to demonstrate that in Japan but ironic, because to prove that Dokdo is Japan’s territory. It is just couldn’t find one.

Cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio as an indicator of cancer management outcomes in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries

Eunji Choi,Sangeun Lee,Bui Cam Nhung,Mina Su,Boyoung Park,Jae Kwan Jun,Kui Son Choi 한국역학회 2017 Epidemiology and Health Vol.39 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Assessing long-term success and efficiency is an essential part of evaluating cancer control programs. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) can serve as an insightful indicator of cancer management outcomes for individual nations. By calculating MIRs for the top five cancers in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the current study attempted to characterize the outcomes of national cancer management policies according to the health system ranking of each country. METHODS: The MIRs for the five most burdensome cancers globally (lung, colorectal, prostate, stomach, and breast) were calculated for all 34 OECD countries using 2012 GLOBOCAN incidence and mortality statistics. Health system rankings reported by the World Health Organization in 2000 were updated with relevant information when possible. A linear regression model was created, using MIRs as the dependent variable and health system rankings as the independent variable. RESULTS: The linear relationships between MIRs and health system rankings for the five cancers were significant, with coefficients of determination ranging from 49 to 75% when outliers were excluded. A clear outlier, Korea reported lower-than-predicted MIRs for stomach and colorectal cancer, reflecting its strong national cancer control policies, especially cancer screening. CONCLUSIONS: The MIR was found to be a practical measure for evaluating the long-term success of cancer surveillance and the efficacy of cancer control programs, especially cancer screening. Extending the use of MIRs to evaluate other cancers may also prove useful.

도시 전통 제조업으로서 서울의 대장간

최보영(Choi Boyoung) 서울민속학회 2021 서울민속학 Vol.- No.8

조선시대 야장(冶匠)은 총 708명으로 전체 야장의 약 60%가 서울에 속하였다. 서울의 야장들은 국가의 관리를 받으며 각 관청에 소속되어 의례·무기 등과 관련된 각종 철물(鐵物)을 생산하였다. 조선 후기 관영수공업이 해체되면서 무기 생산의 주축이 을지로7가 일대 ‘풀무재’ 또는 ‘대장 고개(冶峴)’라고 불렸던 지역에 형성되었다. 1970년대 말까지만 해도 70여 곳의 대장간이 철거되었다. 그 결과 을지로7가에 모여 있던 대장간들은 점차 주변부로 밀려났다. 그러나 1970~1980년대 건설업이 호황을 누리면서 현장에서 사용하는 도구를 공급하는 서울의 대장간이 성황을 누렸다. 이를 계기로 서울의 대장간은 건설 현장에서 사용하는 도구를 주로 취급하며 도시 제조업으로서의 특성을 나타내게 되었다. 그러나 철제품이 공장에서 대량생산되고 1990년대부터 중국산 제품이 등장하면서 대장간은 존폐의 갈림길에 처해 있다. 서울시는 서울미래유산 제도를 통해 대장간 4곳을 시민생활 분야로 지정하고 있다. 2013년 은평구 대조동에 있는 불광대장간이 처음 미래유산으로 지정되었고, 2015년에 강동구 천호동의 동명대장간, 은평구 수색동의 형제대장간, 동대문구 전농동 동광대장간이 지정되었다. 도시 전통 제조업으로서 서울의 대장간은 생산과정에서 필연적으로 먼지와 소음을 발생시키며 쾌적한 주거환경을 저해한다. 이 때문에 서울의 대장간은 인근 주민들의 민원 발생을 최소화하기 위한 입지를 택하고 있다. 또한 공장제 대량생산이 불가능한 특정 직업군의 맞춤 연장을 생산하고, 도시인의 생활환경과 소비문화 변화에 능동적으로 대응하며 새로운 도구를 만들어 내거나 개량하며 차별화를 꾀하고 있다. 최근에는 대장장이에게 ‘장인’의 이미지를 덧씌워 브랜드화함으로써 대장간 생산품의 가치를 제고하려는 노력도 보인다. During the Joseon Dynasty, there were a total of 708 blacksmiths, and about 60% of all blacksmiths belonged to Seoul. The blacksmiths in Seoul were managed by the state and belonged to each government office to produce various hardware related to rituals and weapons. Until the end of the 1970s, more than 70 blacksmiths remained in Pulmujae and made toos used in construction sites. However, in the 1970s and 1980s, most of the blacksmiths in the area were demolished. As a result, the blacksmiths gathered on Euljiro 7-ga were gradually pushed to the periphery. In the 1980s, there were about 20 blacksmiths in Sindang-dong, but now only 2 blacksmiths remain; Chungnam blacksmiths and Gyeongnam blacksmiths. The land readjustment project in the 1960s led the construction industry to boom in the 1970s and 1980s. In addition, by supplying tools used in construction sites, blacksmiths in Seoul, which had been mainly producing agricultural equipment and daily necessities, mainly handled tools used in construction sites and showed characteristics as an urban manufacturing industry. There are no tangible or intangible cultural properties related to blacksmiths in Seoul. However, through the Seoul Future Heritage System, 4 blacksmiths are designated as the field of civil life. Most of the blacksmiths are small in size, but they correspond to traditional manufacturing industries that produce various tools. Smoke and dust inevitably occur in the process of processing iron. These blacksmithing characteristics act as a direct factor hindering a pleasant residential environment. Among them, noise pollution asct as the biggest reason why blacksmiths cannot be located in residential areas. Therefore, two out of four blacksmiths designated as Seouls Future Heritage Site are located between railroads and boulevard, minimizing complaints from residents. After liberation, Seoul experienced rapid urbanization, with the post-war reconstruction project and the continued development of the city center, the blacksmith in Seoul stood out in construction tools and developed. The customized tools were in the spotlight of workers. Construction machinery tools produced in blacksmiths in Seoul have been delivered to construction sites nationwide so far. The blacksmiths in Seoul have customized household goods as well as special tools for various occupations that cannot be ready-made. Today, blacksmiths in Seoul are actively responding to changes in the living environment and consumption culture of urbanites to create or improve new tools. In modern times, blacksmiths became scarce and some were designated as intangible cultural properties, making the image of a “Master craftsmen” stand out for blacksmiths. Currently, all blacksmiths designated as Seoul Future Heritage sites are put the brand name in the object. Consumers wanted to be given value by visually indicating that the tools they purchased were special items made by craftsmen, and blacksmiths needed self-rescue measures to cope with cheap imported factory-made hardware. In addition, it is creating an image of blacksmith as a craftsmanship brand by emphasizing household transmission and manual work in online and offline spaces.

인구집단별 심근경색 증상인지 현황과 관련요인 : 성별차이를 중심으로

최보영 ( Boyoung Choi ) 대한보건협회 2021 대한보건연구 Vol.47 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 성별, 인구집단별 심근경색 증상인지 현황과 관련요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법 : 2018년 지역사회건강조사 자료를 이용하여 복합표본을 고려한 X²검정과 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 심근경색 증상에 대한 다섯 개 질문에 응답한 228,223명을 연구대상자로 선정하였다. 결과 : 다섯 가지 심근경색 증상을 모두 인지하고 있는 비율은 남자 43.99%, 여자 46.38%로 절반에 미치지 못했다. 심근경색 증상 인지에 오즈비가 낮은 집단은 남자, 70대 이상 여자, 비혼인군, 교육수준이 낮은 군, 저소득군, 농어업종사자, 단순노무직 종사자 시지역 거주자, 여자 흡연군이었다. 건강행태 요인 중 비음주군, 걷기 실천군, 독감 예방접종군, 심폐소생술 교육군과 심근경색 위험 요인 중 위험고혈압이 있는 군에서 증상인지 오즈비가 높았다. 결론 : 심근경색 증상 인지율은 낮은 수준으로 전체 인구 대상으로 한 교육과 홍보 및 취약집단 중심의 맞춤형 교육이 필요하다. Purpose : This study aims to analyze the status and related factors in recognizing myocardial infarction(MI) symptoms by population group and gender. Methods : The data was collected from the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey. χ²-tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed considering the complex sample designs. 228,223 subjects who answered five questions about MI symptoms were selected in the study. Results : The percentage of recognizing all five symptoms of MI was 43.99% for men and 46.38% for women, which was less than half. The groups with low odds ratios(ORs) in recognizing MI symptoms were men, women in their 70s and older, non-married group(unmarried, separated, divorced, widowed), low-educated group, low-income group, manual workers, farmers and fishermen, city residents, and female smokers. Among health behavior factors, the ORs in MI symptom recognition were high in the non-current drinking group, physical activity group, the flu vaccination group, and the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation(CPR) training group and hypertension group among risk factors for MI. Conclusion : The recognition rate of MI symptoms is low, and therefore education and promotion for the entire population and customized education centered on the vulnerable group are required.

항만배후단지 셔틀 운송사 선정요인의 중요도에 관한 연구

최보영(Choi, Boyoung),김상열(Kim, Sangyoul),박호(Park, Ho) 한국항만경제학회 2021 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

Rate of and Risk Factors for Loss to Follow Up in HIV-Infected Patients in Korea: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study

Seong Hye,Choi Yunsu,Kim Minjeong,Kim Jung Ho,Song Joon Young,김신우,Kim Sang Il,Kim Youn Jeong,Park Dae Won,Park Boyoung,Choi Bo Youl,Choi Jun-Yong 대한감염학회 2023 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.55 No.1

Background: Owing to antiretroviral therapy (ART), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality has significantly decreased. Retaining in care is an essential step for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care cascade. This study investigated the incidence of and risk factors for loss to follow-up (LTFU) in Korean people living with HIV (PLWH). Materials and Methods: Data from the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort study (including prospective interval cohort and retrospective clinical cohort) were analyzed. LTFU was defined as not visiting the clinic for more than 1 year. Risk factors for LTFU were identified using the Cox regression hazard model. Results: The study enrolled 3,172 adult HIV patients (median age, 36 years; male 92.97%). The median CD4 T cell count at enrollment was 234 cells/mm3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 85 - 373) and the median viral load at enrollment was 56,100 copies/mL (IQR: 15,000 - 203,992). The total follow-up duration was 16,487 person-years, and the overall incidence rate of LTFU was 85/1,000 person-years.In the multivariable Cox regression model, subjects on ART were less likely to have LTFU than subjects not on ART (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.253, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.220 - 0.291, P <0.0001). Among PLWH on ART, female sex (HR = 0.752, 95% CI: 0.582 - 0.971, P = 0.0291) and older age (>50: HR = 0.732, 95% CI: 0.602 - 0.890; 41 - 50: HR = 0.634, 95% CI: 0.530 - 0.750; 31 - 40: HR = 0.724, 95% CI: 0.618 - 0.847; ≤30: reference, P <0.0001) were associated with high rate of retention in care. The viral load at ART initiation ≥1,000,001 (HR = 1.545, 95% CI: 1.126 - 2.121, ≤10,000: reference) was associated with a higher rate of LTFU. Conclusion: Young and male PLWH may have a higher rate of LTFU, and an increased rate of LTFU may induce virologic failure.