An optimality-theoretic account of vowel harmony in Korean ideophones

Chin-Wan Chung 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.2

Chung, Chin Wan. 2000. An optimality-theoretic account of vowel harmony in Korean ideophones. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.2, 431-450. This study provides an account of vowel harmony in Korean ideophones within the theoretical framework of Optimality Theory. We show that vowel harmony process is achieved by employing two high ranked alignment constraints. We address the issue of misalignment at the right edge of the harmonic domain arguing that it is the result of the interaction between the featural identity and Align-Right constraints. The harmonizing behavior of the high back round vowel /u/ and its variation in a same morpheme are analyzed by using a conjunctive constraint and reranking relevant constraints repectively. We also argue that we should make a distinction between two /u/s in nonintial syllable positions. (Hannam University)

The behavior of velar nasal and syllabification

Chin Wan Chung 한국음운론학회 2001 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.7 No.1

Chung, Chin Wan. 2001. The behavior of velar nasal and syllabification. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 7.1, 177-189. This study provides a Correspondence- Theoretic analysis for the behavior of velar nasal [?], which normally occurs after the alveolar nasal /n/ is inserted, a variant realization in Korean, with respect to syllabification and related phenomena in Korean and Japanese. Normally syllable internal consonants are syllabified as the onset of the following syllable, but the velar nasal does not follow this normal syllabification. We analyze this peculiar behavior by using Onset Condition constraint plus other relevant constraints. The velar nasal also shows other different acts than the other consonants in that it shows intraspeaker variation and interdialectal variation between SD and KD. These are rather readily analyzed by reranking the constraints offered in this analysis. The analysis of Korean case may be extended to Japanese case where it shows variation between young and old Japanese speakers regarding [g] and [?] variation. This paper illuminates the specific behaviors of the velar nasal in syllabification in general.(Hannam University)

정상 성인에 경구 투여한 Cefixime 두 정제의 생물학적 동등성 비교

강진양,서성훈,이경태,문창훈,강진한,이동건,최정현,신완식 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.4

목적 : 식품의약안전청 고시 제 1998-86호(1998. 8.26) "생물학적 동등성 시험 기준"에 의하여 섹심 캅셀(시험약, 한국유나이트제약)과 슈프락스 캅셀(대조약, 동아제약)의 생물학적 동등성을 비교 검토하였다. 방법 : 2×2 라틴 방격법에 따라 건강한 성인 남성 지원자 20명에게 cefixime 100㎎씩 경구투여하였다. 약제투여 후 12시간까지 일정간격으로 채혈하였고 각 피험자들의 혈중약물농도 데이터로부터 구한 Area under the concentration (AUC), C_(max), T_(max) 등의 생체이용률 파라미터에 대해 통계학적으로 고찰하여 두 제제간의 생물학적 동등성을 평가하였다. 결과 : AUC, C_(max), T_(max)에 대한 평균값의 차가 각각 1.26%, 3.73%, 6.21%로서 모두 대조약의 20% 이내에 들어 생물학적 동등성 판정기준의 전제조건을 만족하였다. 분산분석 결과 AUC, C_(max), T_(max)의 각 비교 항목에 있어서 모두 유의수준 α=0.05의 군/순서효과 검정에서 F비가 F 분석표의 한계값보다 작아 교차시험이 제대로 이루어졌음을 확인할 수 있었으며, AUC, C_(max), T_(max) 각 비교항목에 있어서 유의수준 α=0.05에서 대조약에 대한 최소검출차(Δ)가 각각 17.74%, 17.05%, 15.67%로 모두 20% 이내이었으며, 검출력(1-β)도 모두 0.8 이상으로 나타나 생물학적 동등성 판정기준을 만족시켰다. 또 AUC, C_(max), T_(max) 각 비교항목에 있어서 대조약에 대한 생체이용률 차이의 신뢰한계(δ)가 ±20% 이내이어야 한다는 생물학적 동등성 판정기준을 모두 만족시켰다. 결론 : 이상의 실험결과로 시험약은 대조약에 대하여 생물학적 동등성 평가항목인 AUC, C_(max), T_(max)에서 모두 판정기준을 만족시켜 시험약은 대조약과 생물학적으로 동등하다고 사료된다. Background : The study was designed to compare the bioeqivalence between the test (CEXIME®. United Korea. Co., Ltd) and control (SUPRAX®. Dong-a Pharm. Co.. Ltd) capsules of cefixime. Methods : Twenty. healthy, male volunteers completed the study Each subject ingested single dose (100 ㎍) of the control and test drugs in 2?2 crossover design with a week drug-free interval between the doses. Blood samples were collected serially up to 12 hours and plasma concentrations of cefixime were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. A non-compartmental approach was used for analysis of the concentration-time data. Results : The area under the curve (AUC), the maximum concentration of drug (C_(max)). and time to reach C_(max)(T_(max)) did not show any significant difference between the two preparations by ANOVA. The mean differences of AUC, C_(max), and T_(max) were within 20% of the control drug, those were 1.26%. 3.73%. and 6.21%. respectively. The confidence limits of three parameters were satisfied the bioeqivalence criteria. Conclusion : These results suggest that the test drug was bioequivalent with the control drug.

치과 기공사들에게서 나타나는 호흡기 증상과 이의 관련 요인

김웅철,오세윤,김지환,김진완,이준석,이가영,이세훈,유진호,김태석 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2001 保健科學論集 Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate subjective respiratory symptoms and their attributable factors in Korean dental laboratory technicians. A questionnaire was mailed to randomly selected 1,900 dental laboratory technicians. Among them, 1,344 dental technicians completed the questionnaires and returmned them. Validity and reliability tests on the questionnaires were carried out before the main survey. To investigate risk factors on respiratory subjective symptoms, we performed analysis on distribution of characteristics, and then investigated univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rate of wheezing, cough and phlegm, and dyspnea was 4.8%, 33.9%, 54.9%, respectively. Statistically significant factors inducing subjective respiratory symptoms by multiple logistic regression analysis were sex, smoking, exercise, health examination, work hours a day, investment gas, investment dust, metal fume, resin vapor, and asbestos dust. Considering the results above, it seems that most subjective respiratory symptoms are related with health habits and occupational environmental-related factors. The result, consideration in mind, suggest that health promotion programs for smoking cessation, regular health examination, and physical exercise in health habit, and improvement on casting and resin work in dental technological environment be necessary.

TFELD 절연층을 위해 ITO glass위에 증착된 (Ba_(0.5),Sr_(0.5))TiO₃박막의 특성

김정환,배승춘,권성렬,정훈,박진우,김기완 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

We have studied that dielectric and electrical properties of (Ba_(0.5),Sr_(0.5))TiO_(3) thin films deposited on Indium Tin Oxide-coated glass substrate by using rf-magnetron sputtering method in this paper. Substrates were heated at room, 300℃ , 400℃, and 500℃. Working pressure was changed 5mTorr, 10mTorr, 20mTorr, 30mTorr respectively substrates temperature, and Ar:O_(2), ratio was fixed 9:1. SEM analysis was conducted to investigate thickness of BST thin films. Dielectric constant, current-voltage(I-V), and transmittance were measured. We observed difference of that thickness, dielectric constant, current-voltage(I-V), and transmittance due to variable substrates temperature and working pressure. We also obtained best conditions at 400℃, 30mTorr. Dielectric constant was 209.1 at 1kHz, leakage current density was below 7.35X10^(-7)A/cm^(2) at 100V, and transmittance was over 91%.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Base Truncation in English Word-Formation

Chin-Wan Chung 한국중원언어학회 2020 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.57

This study deals with an issue of base-final rime truncation observed in word formation process in English. The base truncation occurs only when a vowel-initial derivational morpheme is affixed to a preceding base. The examples are divided into two major groups: bases ending in a vowel and bases ending in a consonant. The second group of data is also sub-divided into four, depending on the structure and the compositions of the base-final syllable. We argue that the base-final rime deletion is motivated by avoiding a sequence of hetero-syllabic vowels across the morpheme boundary, the final two syllables of a derived word with the identical onsets, the neutralization of a back-formed or prominent vowel, the three or more stressless syllables, and the concatenation of certain derivational suffixes in a derived word. Even though the base-final rime truncation was triggered by various reasons, their goal is to achieve a better syllabic, prosodic, metrical, or morphological structure in newly formed words in English and this study provides a constraint-based analysis which employs constraints, reflecting all those motivations of the base-final rime truncation.

An aspect of dialectal variations in Korean phonology: a constraint-based analysis

Chin-Wan Chung(정진완) 한국음운론학회 2006 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.12 No.2

  This paper focuses on the different realizations of /y/ and /h/ in different dialects in Korean. We delve into /y/ when it occurs word initially, postconsonantally followed by a vowel, and as an off-glide; we observe /h/ when it appears as the onset of a word initial and non-word initial syllable. The paper reveals that a different strategy is applied to modify /ye/, /Cye/ and /?y/ in different positions of a word in different dialects. In Jeolla dialect (JD), the glide /y/ does not occur in the output while in Standard Korean (SK) it consistently appears in /ye/ and /?y/ while /Cye/ shows an optional realization. In Gyeongsang dialect(GD), the off-glide /?y/ is simplified to [y] and it is vocalized. For the word initial /h/, there is no difference in its realization among dialects but in non-initial syllable onset /h/ deletes in JD while /h/ and a preceding voiceless stop are aspirated together in both SK and GD. It shows some interesting phonological patterning among dialects. In some cases, SK patterns with JD while in other cases it patterns with GD. The paper shows that intra-dialectal and inter-dialectal realization differences can best be explained by the constraint-based account because it allows that the dialectal variation can be accounted for by ranking permutation of low ranked constraints.

An Alternative Approach to Realizations of the Medial [nt] Cluster in English

( Chin-wan Chung ) 대한언어학회 2016 언어학 Vol.24 No.4

This study focuses on the realizations of medial [nt] cluster and provides a foot-based account of it. The analysis argues that the deletion of the [t] occurs only within a foot when the [t] of the [nt] is the onset of a non-head syllable of a trochaic, a dactylic, and a superfoot. This optional deletion in English targets a segment occurring in a prosodically non-prominent syllable. By employing foot-based analytic assumption, we are able to explain extensive realizations of the medial [nt] cluster which includes the examples of aspiration and glottalization of the [t] instead of deletion to avoid the medial [nt] sequence. The aspiration and glottalization examples are problematic to a syllable-based analysis due to its restricted domain. The analysis reveals that English seems to use deletion, glottalization, and foot-structure to avoid the medial [nt] cluster, which is typologically interesting.

An Aspect of NC Cluster Realizations in Bukusu

( Chin-wan Chung ) 대한언어학회 2020 언어학 Vol.28 No.4

This study observes various realizations of a nasal plus a consonant (NC) sequence in Bukusu. The newly created Bukusu NCs are composed of a prefix nasal plus a stem-initial consonant, and they are required to have the identical laryngeal, continuant, and place features. If any NCs do not meet these requirements, several sound modifications occur to render NC harmonious with the NC structural requirements. If a post-nasal consonant is a voiceless obstruent, progressive voicing assimilation occurs and then a post-nasal consonant triggers regressive place assimilation. Hardening occurs when a post-nasal consonant has [+voice, +cont]. Post-nasal /l, r, β/ optionally merge with the preceding nasal after becoming hardened and triggering regressive place assimilation if they are followed by a nasal or an NC-initial syllable in a stem. A nasal prefix is deleted if a stem begins with a nasal or a voiceless-initial fricative. Even though different sound change strategies are used in Bukusu, their goal is to make an NC satisfy the requirements of the cluster. In order to provide an analysis, we adopt a constraint-based theoretical framework which allows steps before reaching the final optimal form. This is because some of the sound modifications should occur sequentially. The constraints and their rankings used in the analysis can capture the functional unity that is hidden in sound modification strategies.

Pronunciation of Sonorant Clusters in English for Korean Speakers - A Constraint-based Approach

Chin-Wan Chung 한국영어어문교육학회 2007 영어어문교육 Vol.13 No.3

  This paper discusses why Korean speakers have problems in pronouncing some medial sonorant clusters in English. We argue that the main reasons lie in the sonority sequence requirement difference between the two languages. English does not have any specific sonority sequence preference between the medial sonorant sequences while Korean has a strict requirement between the two sonorants over a syllable boundary. This sonority sequence requirement difference between the two languages acts as an interference for Korean speakers in learning English pronunciation. This barrier for Korean speakers in acquiring correct pronunciation is implemented in a constraint ranking difference in the Optimality Theory, which is not familiar for Korean speakers. Understanding the details of sonorant production mechanisms along with the different constraint ranking will facilitate the learning process of Korean speakers learning English.