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Application of Biotechnology to the Study of Trematodes: The Blood Flukes
Carney,W.Patrick INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1989 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.20 No.1
Select examples of the application of modern biological methodologies to the study of trematodes are reviewed with focus on recent studies of the biology and host-parasite relationships of schistosomes. The topics covered are : (1) vaccine development with discussions of surface antigens, egg shell proteins, anti-idiotypic antibodies nad blocking antibodies, (2) synergism of chemotherapy and immunology, and (3) identification with discussions of prepatent infections, cercarial exposures, current infections, drug cures and sex determination. The information obtained from intensive studies of schistosome biology has adready provided, and will continue to provide, insights on idiosyncracies of other trematode parasites of economic or public health importance throughout the tropics and subtropics.
Carney, W.P. INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1989 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.20 No.1
The United States there are academic, governmental and industrial training opportunities in biotechnology. Academic opportunities are by far most plentiful At least 130 universities in the United States have training programs applicable to the study of animal and human parasitoses in Korea. Further, there are at least 70 centers of biotechnology located on university campuses where a variety of biotehnologies are being applied to a wide range of research projects. The government administers 20 programs through its own institutions. Government institutions conducting or supporting parasitic disease research programs are : the Departments of Agriculture, Health and Human Services, Defense, and Interior, the Agency for International Development, the National Sciences Foundation, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Environmental Protection Agency, Commercial firms, applying biotechnology for production of biologicals, can provide on-the-job training and experience in the application of these new biotechnologies to applied parasitic disease problems of relevance to scientists in Korea.
Institutional (Dis)Incentives to Innovate: An Explanation for Singapore's Innovation Gap
Richard W. Carney,Loh Yi Zheng 동아시아연구원 2009 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.9 No.2
Despite having the fifth highest per capita GDP in the world (according to IMF PPP statistics for 2007), and despite numerous government efforts to spur innovation, Singapore has faced difficulties in establishing a durable base of entrepreneurial activity. Many ascribe this failure to the city-state's policies, which are often portrayed as generating a culture of risk aversion and a lack of creativity. In contrast to this conventional view, this article argues that the city-state's institutional arrangements generate conflicting innovation incentives and ultimately undermine innovative activity. Statistical tests across twenty-three countries offer evidence that is consistent with this argument.
John Joseph Carney,Erik Gerlach,Mark Plantz,Peter Raymond Swiatek,Jeremy Marx,Matthew Saltzman,Guido Marra 대한견주관절학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for multiple shoulder pathologies. The purpose of our study was to compare the relative value units (RVUs) per minute of surgical time for primary and revision TSA. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify patients that underwent primary TSA, one-component revision TSA, and two-component revision TSA between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 using current procedure terminology codes. RVUs were divided by mean operative time for each procedure to determine the amount of revenue generated per minute. Rates were compared between the groups using a one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: When dividing compensation by surgical time, we found that two-component revision generated more compensation per minute compared to primary TSA (0.284±0.114 vs. 0.239±0.278 RVU per minute or $10.25±$4.11 vs. $8.64±$10.05 per minute, respectively; p=0.001). Conclusions: The relative value of revision TSA procedures is weighted to account for the increased technical challenges and time associated with these procedures. This study confirms that reimbursement is higher for revision TSA compared to primary TSA.