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Bone Drilling System for Quantifying Hand Feeling in Orthopedic Surgery
( C. -y. Wu ),( J. -y. Su ),( C. -s. Hsu ),( Y. -h. Chen ),( K. -f. Chang ),( C. -c. Huang ),( H. -m. Wu ),( Y. -c. Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
In this work, a bone drilling system was designed to quantify “hand feeling”, which can benefit surgeons to be more acquainted with bone hardness. A bi-axial force/torque sensor is mounted on the bone drilling system in order to measure the thrust force and the torque caused by drilling in bones. The system is assembled with a motorized stage, which is directly integrated with a surgical handpiece by an adjustable holder, to drill into various bones (porcine mandible, porcine femur, porcine rib) at different feed speeds and spindle speeds. The results reveal that the feed speed is positively corresponded with force and torque. However, the effect of spindle speed on force and torque is negligible. In addition, drilling bones without spraying water can cause the drilling temperature to increase to 73.3°C. According to the data from the experiments, the exact force and torque during bone drilling can be predicted with the given parameters. Thus, surgeons are capable of preventing the use of excessive force during bone drilling.
Monitoring the Comfort of Poultry Body by Infrared Thermography
( C. H. Tsou ),( T. T. Lin ),( C. C. Liu ),( K. W. Hsieh ),( Y. C. Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
At present, the environmental regulation of Taiwanese traditional poultry farm is based on the information collected by the ambient temperature and humidity sensor. However, this method is unable to know the situation of the poultry directly. The purpose of this study is to collect poultry body surface temperature information directly by the infrared thermal imager. The relationship between poultry body surface temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) is studied for estimating the actual feeling of poultry at different conditions. The Raspberry Pi, infrared thermal imaging sensor, environmental sensors were integrated for collecting the poultry body temperature and environmental information. The collected poultry infrared thermal images were divided into head, foot and wing different areas for the analysis. The environment temperature, humidity, air velocity and poultry surface temperature were continuous recorded for four weeks. The measured chicken’s surface temperature from infrared image sensor changes with the THI. The temperature change of the chicken’s foot is larger than the temperature of chicken’s head, and wing. The correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI, and temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI) were calculated. According to the results, the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI is higher than the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THVI. It shows that THI impacts on the poultry surface temperature. The poultry surface temperature can be detected by the infrared camera for poultry house environment control.
Robust, Tunable Biological Oscillations from Interlinked Positive and Negative Feedback Loops
Tsai, T. Y.-C.,Choi, Y. S.,Ma, W.,Pomerening, J. R.,Tang, C.,Ferrell, J. E. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2008 Science Vol.321 No.5885
<P>A simple negative feedback loop of interacting genes or proteins has the potential to generate sustained oscillations. However, many biological oscillators also have a positive feedback loop, raising the question of what advantages the extra loop imparts. Through computational studies, we show that it is generally difficult to adjust a negative feedback oscillator's frequency without compromising its amplitude, whereas with positive-plus-negative feedback, one can achieve a widely tunable frequency and near-constant amplitude. This tunability makes the latter design suitable for biological rhythms like heartbeats and cell cycles that need to provide a constant output over a range of frequencies. Positive-plus-negative oscillators also appear to be more robust and easier to evolve, rationalizing why they are found in contexts where an adjustable frequency is unimportant.</P>
Using Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Rapidly Measurement of Peanut Moisture Content
( C. J. Hsu ),( C. C. Hsu ),( H. K. Lee ),( T. M. Chen ),( P. K. Lei ),( Y. C. Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
In order to achieve rapidly measurement of peanut moisture content, the Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) system was designed and develop by combining a dual-probe frequency domain reflectometer and Latte Panda. For the peanut moisture content FDR measurement, the calibration curve is necessary to define at first. The peanut samples (Tainan No.9 and Tainan No.18) are separate into pods and kernels and pulverized into granule shape for the measurement. The samples are baked in the oven at 130°C for 6 hours for removing the water content and defined it as 0% moisture content. Then the different weights of water have been added into samples for making different moisture content peanuts. The different dielectric constant measured by FDR sensor system is corresponded as the different moisture content. The calibration curve can be obtained from the relationship between the different moisture content peanut samples and the corresponding dielectric constant. During the FDR measurement, 32 N/㎡ applying force to the sample is necessary for eliminating the air gap. Furthermore, different methods for measuring the peanut moisture content were carried out in the factory with the drying machine. The comparison and results of different measure methods during the drying process at factory has been completed. The result shows that different measuring method have the same peanut moisture content trend. In addition, another method for obtaining the calibration curve was carried out in this work. The peanuts were baked to different moisture content and measured the corresponding dielectric constant. The calibration curves of peanut’s pods and kernels and the accuracy test has been defined. The both correlation coefficients of the testing samples are more than 0.97. It proves that this proposal FDR system have high accuracy and is enable to rapidly measure from 5% to 60% moisture content of peanut.
Area-preserving scheme for efficiency enhancement in single-pass tapered free electron lasers
Tsai, C.-Y.,Emma, C.,Wu, J.,Yoon, M.,Wang, X.,Yang, C.,Zhou, G. Elsevier 2019 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.913 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Efficiency enhancement of a single-pass short-wavelength high-gain tapered free electron laser (FEL) has recently been intensively studied. The goal is to sustain the growth of radiation power in the post-saturation regime. Among the various schemes, the undulator tapering is considered an effective route to achieve higher power extraction efficiency. The tapering strategy can be of constant or varying resonant phase along the undulator axis. In this paper we propose an efficiency-enhancement scheme based on preservation of the longitudinal phase space area which ensures trapping of resonant particles in the ponderomotive bucket as long as possible along the undulator axis before significant particle depletion occurs. In the meanwhile such a scheme takes advantage of the increase of the radiation field amplitude to precipitate the particle deceleration process at the middle stage of undulator tapering. We analyze such an area-preserving scheme of undulator tapering by formulating the post-saturation FEL interaction in a one-dimensional (1-D) model via introduction of the particle trapping fraction. The output performance is evaluated through numerical iteration and confirmed with 1-D particle tracking simulations. The results show that the optimal power extraction efficiency based on the proposed scheme, together with a prebunched beam, can be greatly improved within relatively short taper length compared with other schemes before radiation diffraction effect becomes significant. Besides, the undesired sideband effects are found to be effectively suppressed. For the proposed area-preserving taper scheme, we also derive an analytical approximate formula for the resonant phase as a function of undulator axis. We expect that the analysis can shed light on the aim to further enhance the power extraction efficiency in single-pass tapered FELs.</P>