The E-Factor : Advancing Women Entrepreneurs in the Digital Economy

Braun, Patrice Asian pacific women's information network center 2006 APWIN Vol.8 No.-

ICT now allows entrepreneurs who were previously excluded, to participate in the digital economy. Yet SME owners, particularly women, are slightly reluctant to invest the necessary time and money into the digital economy. Although SME owners do using the Internet and other technological means, they often use them for non-business purposes. Entering the digital economy is viewed as a risky investment and is an area in which they feel they lack the necessary skills and knowledge to successfully participate in. However, it is argued that with some time and guidance, the necessary skills and knowledge can incrementally be taught to these entrepreneurs. It is also argued that public policy must recognize the ability ICT has to strengthen SMEs. In doing so, governments, NGOs, lOs and SME entrepreneurs can collaboratively strengthen the digital economy.

Mutations in KEOPS-complex genes cause nephrotic syndrome with primary microcephaly

Braun, Daniela A,Rao, Jia,Mollet, Geraldine,Schapiro, David,Daugeron, Marie-Claire,Tan, Weizhen,Gribouval, Olivier,Boyer, Olivia,Revy, Patrick,Jobst-Schwan, Tilman,Schmidt, Johanna Magdalena,Lawson, J Nature Pub. Co 2017 Nature genetics Vol.49 No.10

<P>Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is an autosomal-recessive disease characterized by the combination of early-onset nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and microcephaly with brain anomalies. Here we identified recessive mutations in OSGEP, TP53RK, TPRKB, and LAGE3, genes encoding the four subunits of the KEOPS complex, in 37 individuals from 32 families with GAMOS. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in zebrafish and mice recapitulated the human phenotype of primary microcephaly and resulted in early lethality. Knockdown of OSGEP, TP53RK, or TPRKB inhibited cell proliferation, which human mutations did not rescue. Furthermore, knockdown of these genes impaired protein translation, caused endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated DNA-damage-response signaling, and ultimately induced apoptosis. Knockdown of OSGEP or TP53RK induced defects in the actin cytoskeleton and decreased the migration rate of human podocytes, an established intermediate phenotype of SRNS. We thus identified four new monogenic causes of GAMOS, describe a link between KEOPS function and human disease, and delineate potential pathogenic mechanisms.</P>

Intrinsic measurement errors for the speed of light in vacuum

Braun, Daniel,Schneiter, Fabienne,Fischer, Uwe R Institute of Physics 2017 Classical and quantum gravity Vol.34 No.17

<P>The speed of light in vacuum, one of the most important and precisely measured natural constants, is fixed by convention to <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$c=299\, 792\, 458$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0264-9381/34/17/175009/cqgaa8058ieqn001.gif'/> m <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${\rm s}^{-1}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0264-9381/34/17/175009/cqgaa8058ieqn002.gif'/>. Advanced theories predict possible deviations from this universal value, or even quantum fluctuations of <I>c</I>. Combining arguments from quantum parameter estimation theory and classical general relativity, we here establish rigorously the existence of lower bounds on the uncertainty to which the speed of light in vacuum can be determined in a given region of space-time, subject to several reasonable restrictions. They provide a novel perspective on the experimental falsifiability of predictions for the quantum fluctuations of space-time.</P>

CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING ROK SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

Braun, Chaim,Forrest, Robert Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.4

In this paper we discuss spent fuel management options in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from two interrelated perspectives: Centralized dry cask storage and spent fuel pyroprocessing and burning in sodium fast reactors (SFRs). We argue that the ROK will run out of space for at-reactors spent fuel storage by about the year 2030 and will thus need to transition centralized dry cask storage. Pyroprocessing plant capacity, even if approved and successfully licensed and constructed by that time, will not suffice to handle all the spent fuel discharged annually. Hence centralized dry cask storage will be required even if the pyroprocessing option is successfully developed by 2030. Pyroprocessing is but an enabling technology on the path leading to fissile material recycling and burning in future SFRs. In this regard we discuss two SFR options under development in the U.S.: the Super Prism and the Travelling Wave Reactor (TWR). We note that the U.S. is further along in reactor development than the ROK. The ROK though has acquired more experience, recently in investigating fuel recycling options for SFRs. We thus call for two complementary joint R&D project to be conducted by U.S. and ROK scientists. One leading to the development of a demonstration centralized away-fromreactors spent fuel storage facility. The other involve further R&D on a combined SFR-fuel cycle complex based on the reactor and fuel cycle options discussed in the paper.

Dermatologic Aspects of Hyperlipoproteinemia

Braun-Falco, O. Yonsei University, College of Medicine 1978 Yonsei medical journal Vol.19 No.2

Plant Cells on Earth and in Space

Braun, Markus,Sievers, Andreas The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2000 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.4 No.3

Two quite different types of plant cells are analysed with regard to transduction of the gravity stimulus: (i) Unicellular rhizoids and protonemata of characean green algae; these are tube-like, tip-growing cells which respond to the direction of gravity. (ii) Columella cells located in the center of the root cap of higher plants; these cells (statocytes) perceive gravity. The two cell types contain heavy particles or organelles (sataoliths) which sediment in the field of gravity, thereby inducing the graviresponse. Both cell types were studied under microgravity conditions ($10^{-4}$/ g) in sounding rockets or spacelabs. From video microscopy of living Chara cells and different experiments with both cell types it was concluded that the position of statoliths depends on the balance of two forces, i.e. the gravitational force and the counteracting force mediated by actin microfilaments. The actomyosin system may be the missing link between the gravity-dependent movement of statoliths and the gravity receptor(s); it may also function as an amplifier.

Prevalence of Monogenic Causes in Pediatric Patients with Nephrolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis

Braun, Daniela Anne,Lawson, Jennifer Ashley,Gee, Heon Yung,Halbritter, Jan,Shril, Shirlee,Tan, Weizhen,Stein, Deborah,Wassner, Ari J.,Ferguson, Michael A.,Gucev, Zoran,Fisher, Brittany,Spaneas, Leslie American Society of Nephrology 2016 CLINICAL JOURNAL- AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY Vol.11 No.4

<P>Background and objectives Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition that affects 10%-15% of adults in their lifetime. It is associated with high morbidity due to colicky pain, the necessity for surgical intervention, and sometimes progression to CKD. In recent years, multiple monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis have been identified. However, the prevalence of each monogenic gene in a pediatric renal stone cohort has not yet been extensively studied. Design, setting, participants, & measurements To determine the percentage of cases that can be explained molecularly by mutations in one of 30 known nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis genes, we conducted a high-throughput exon sequencing analysis in an international cohort of 143 individuals <18 years of age, with nephrolithiasis (n=123) or isolated nephrocalcinosis (n=20). Over 7 months, all eligible individuals at three renal stone clinics in the United States and Europe were approached for study participation. Results We detected likely causative mutations in 14 of 30 analyzed genes, leading to a molecular diagnosis in 16.8% (24 of 143) of affected individuals; 12 of the 27 detected mutations were not previously described as disease causing (44.4%). We observed that in our cohort all individuals with infantile manifestation of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis had causative mutations in recessive rather than dominant monogenic genes. In individuals who manifested later in life, causative mutations in dominant genes were more frequent. Conclusions We present the first exclusively pediatric cohort examined for monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis, and suggest that important therapeutic and preventative measures may result from mutational analysis in individuals with early manifestation of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis.</P>

젠더·성·역사

BRAUN, Christina von 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2002 여성학논집 Vol.19 No.-

This article describes the historical process by which the identification of the categories of sex and gender emerged, and the creation of a distinction between the two. This thesis is based on the influence of media, predominantly of alphabetical writing systems, on the organization of society and the codification of the symbolic order of the sexes. The paper provides a description of the impact of the alphabet, which has far fewer characters than pictorial writing systems, and can comparatively be easily learned by all people assisting in the creation of democratic systems, and also on a form of thought that draws a sharp line between logical, rational and 'scientific' thinking and all things considered to belong to 'irrational' otherness. Dichotomous rationality is equated with the written word and otherness or irrationality are equated with the fleeting oral language. Through its 'sexualization' this division - a cultural and theoretical division - becomes 'naturalized' and 'essential'. The female body comes to symbolise the spoken language, closely linked to the frail and mortal body, whereas the male body is thought of as a symbol of logical thinking, or the immortal written word. This dichotomy became the basis for many social and other regulations concerning masculinity, femininity and the order of the sexes, so much so that finally the symbolic was taken to represent a law based on 'nature'. Logical thinking in turn became the norm and assumed a position as 'normality', whereas femininity, including otherness and irrationality which is linked to the 'speaking body', came to be thought of as abnormal and thus closely related to concepts of illness: a phenomenon which becomes especially readable in the volatile and highly sexualised history of hysteria. Even though the 'female aspects of repressed history and memory play an important role in our collective identity it is only rarely brought to light and deciphered. This paper reveals the ways that Gender Studies can play an important role in the 'decryptation' of this knowledge and memory.

KRAFTWERK UNION AG

BRAUN W. Korea Atomic Industry Forum 1978 原子力 Vol.1011 No.-

태양열 난방의 계절에 따른 에너지 저장

BRAUN J. E.,KEEIN S. A.,MITCHELL J. W. 대한설비공학회 1983 설비저널 Vol.12 No.2

논문은 물을 저장물질로 사용하는 공간난방에 있어서의 seasonal storage의 몇 가지 중요한 문제연구하고 있다. 집열기 면적과 저장체적 그리고 시스템 성능간의 관계를 transient simulation program(TRNSYS)을 사용하여 조사하였다. 여기서 seasonal storage의 가장 일어나기 쉬운 상태가 나타내어지는데 seasonal storage system의 설계에 특히 역점을 두고 있다. 이러한 설계방법은 몇 일간에서 seasonal storage에 이르는 seasonal pacity (저장용량)에 대하여 적용되어진다. 비용과 관련하여 이러한 설계방법은 seasonal storage system 경제성 (economic viability)을 추정하는데 유용할 것이다. 또한 시스템 설계에서 부하 열기의 크기 탱크단열 집열기 경사 매년 기후변화의 중요성이 조사되고 있다.