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Black, Robert,Oh, Si Hyoung,Lee, Jin-Hyon,Yim, Taeeun,Adams, Brian,Nazar, Linda F. American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.6
<P>Unraveling the fundamentals of Li-O<SUB>2</SUB> batterychemistryis crucial to develop practical cells with energy densities that couldapproach their high theoretical values. We report here a straightforwardchemical approach that probes the outcome of the superoxide O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>–</SUP>, thought to initiate the electrochemicalprocesses in the cell. We show that this serves as a good measureof electrolyte and binder stability. Superoxide readily dehydrofluorinatespolyvinylidene to give byproducts that react with catalysts to produceLiOH. The Li<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> product morphology is a functionof these factors and can affect Li-O<SUB>2</SUB> cell performance.This methodology is widely applicable as a probe of other potentialcell components.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2012/jacsat.2012.134.issue-6/ja2111543/production/images/medium/ja-2011-111543_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja2111543'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
보다 좋은 시술을 위한 보조기구 3M AIR CUSHION FLUORIDATOR and F19 IONATOR
Black, Anthony 大韓齒科補綴學會 1976 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.14 No.1
치아에 도포된 불화물 gel(Fluoride gel)의 가치에 대해 이의는 없으며, 불화물로 치료하는 데는 여러 가지 방법이 있다. 대부분 기본적으로 tray를 사용하여(어떤 경우는 삽입 sponge를 넣어서) 그 속에서 gel이 퍼지도록 한다. 이 방법에는 두 가지 단점이 있다. 첫째로 다소 단단한 tray가 연조직에 매우 불편하게 느껴질 수 있으며, 둘째로 항시 타액에 희석될 수 있는 경향이 크다는 점이다. 그래서 환자가 불화물을 삼키지 않도록 자주 타구에 타액을 배출해야만 할 필요가 있다.
Black, Cara K,Zolper, Elizabeth G,Walters, Elliot T,Wang, Jessica,Martinez, Jesus,Tran, Andrew,Naz, Iram,Kotha, Vikas,Kim, Paul J,Sher, Sarah R,Evans, Karen K Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.5
Background Incisional hernia is a common complication following visceral organ transplantation. Transplant patients are at increased risk of primary and recurrent hernias due to chronic immune suppression and large incisions. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with a history of liver or kidney transplantation who underwent hernia repair to analyze outcomes and hernia recurrence. Methods This is a single center, retrospective review of 19 patients who received kidney and/or liver transplantation prior to presenting with an incisional hernia from 2011 to 2017. All hernias were repaired with open component separation technique (CST) with biologic mesh underlay. Results The mean age of patients was $61.0{\pm}8.3years\;old$, with a mean body mass index of $28.4{\pm}4.8kg/m^2$, 15 males (78.9%), and four females (21.1%). There were seven kidney, 11 liver, and one combined liver and kidney transplant patients. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (16 patients, 84.2%), diabetes (9 patients, 47.4%), and tobacco use (8 patients, 42.1%). Complications occurred in six patients (31.6%) including hematoma (1/19), abscess (1/19), seroma (2/19), and hernia recurrence (3/19) at mean follow-up of $28.7{\pm}22.8months$. With the exception of two patients with incomplete follow-up, all patients healed at a median time of 27 days. Conclusions This small, retrospective series of complex open CST in transplant patients shows acceptable rates of long-term hernia recurrence and healing. By using a multidisciplinary approach for abdominal wall reconstruction, we believe that modified open CST with biologic mesh is a safe and effective technique in the transplant population with complex abdominal hernias.
The Relationship of Substance Abuse to Orofacial Injuries in an Inner City Population
Black, Edward E.,Kathryn Atchison,Vivek Shetty,Leathers, Richard D.,Shan Bagby,Sandra Delrahim Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1998 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.23 No.1
The prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse was investigated prospectively in a population of 207 patients with orofacial injuries seeking treatment at the King/Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles. Demographic details were collected, the use of alcohol and street drugs obtained, and a clinical determination made on whether the injuries were related to alcohol or drug intoxication. The prevalence of covert alcoholism was determined by administering the CAGE questionnaire. The majority of victims were young (33.3±9.05 yrs), male (88%), African-American (73%) or Hispanic (25%), unemployed (71%) and had < 12 years of education (73%). About 83% of the African-American patients reported regular use of alcohol and 48% reported regular use of street drugs. Among Hispanic patients, 80% reported use of alcohol and 18% used drugs regularly. Of the 119 patients screened by the CAGE test, 60% of the African-American patients and 46% of the Hispanic patients answered affirmatively for one or more items, which indicates potential for alcoholism. A significantly greater proportion of patients who screened positive had a history of previous head trauma (80% vs. 50%, p=0.01) and a history of orofacial trauma (77% vs. 52%, p=0.03) or both, indicating a high rate of recidivism. We conclude that alcohol and drug abuse is strongly associated with the occurrence of orofacial injury in inner-city populations. The CAGE test appears to be a simple and effective screening mechanism for clinicians to yield valuable information that can affect the treatment provided. Beyond socioeconomic factors, substance abuse in and of itself appears to be an important risk factor of repeat injury.
Shareholder Suits and Outside Director Liability: The Case of Korea
( Bernard Black ),( Brian Cheffins ),( Michael Klausner ) 서울대학교 아시아태평양법연구소 2011 Journal of Korean Law Vol.10 No.2
Reforms to Korean corporate and securities law carried out in the wake of the 1997-1998 East Asian financial crisis included a mandate that boards include a minimum number of outside directors and facilitation of shareholder lawsuits against board members for damages. The strategy of imposing liability risk on directors (both inside and outside) appeared to follow U.S. practice. In the U.S., outside directors of public companies are often sued but rarely face personal, or “out-of-pocket,” liability unless they engage in self-dealing. Instead, damages and legal fees are paid by the company, directors’ and officers’ (D&O) insurance, or both. Outside directors of public companies in Australia, Canada, Britain, France, Germany, and Japan similarly rarely face out-of-pocket liability due to shareholder lawsuits. Moreover, when events have occurred in these countries that increase the risk of out-of-pocket liability, there is a strong tendency for political or market forces to reestablish a non-zero but minimal level of risk for actions that do not involve self-dealing. Korea’s experience seems to be similar. We argue that Korea could go somewhat further to encourage litigation against outside directors of public companies, but should not open the way for “out of pocket” liability to become commonplace.